Operating Systems Security
From Computing and Software Wiki
The security of operating systems has always been a concern for users, and especially so with the invention of the Internet. Operating system developers are constantly creating new ways to protect computers from hackers. The three most common operating systems are Linux, Mac OS and Windows. They each have a different set of security features. So the question is, which is the most secure?
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Hacking
Hacking is the act of manipulating computers to get them to do exactly what you want. A hacker is the person who does the hacking. A hacker is generally defined as someone who is very good with computers and programming. However, in popular culture, a hacker is someone who attempts to break into computer systems. For the purposes of this article, the latter definition will be used. Hacking is done for many reasons, including anything from theft and denial of service to someone hacking because they have a psychological need to do it. It is therefore vital for an operating system to be as secure as possible to protect against them.
Techniques
There are many ways a hacker can attack a system. Some of these include exploits, which take advantage of faulty operating systems coding, or Trojan horses, which are programs that seem to provide one function but actually do something completely different. To get a better understanding of hacking, visit the hacking wiki at Wikipedia.
Common Operating Systems
Windows
There are two releases currently in use today. Windows XP, released in 1999, is currently on 79.07% of all personal computers in the world. Windows Vista, released in 2007, has a market share of 7.97%. Windows provides a fairly straightforward system that is useful to a beginner and a more advanced user. It also has a large amount of software available for business, personal and gaming applications. It is a closed source operating system, so only the developers have access to the source code of Windows.
Mac OS
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The most recent release is the Mac OS X. It is very different from the original Mac OS, having an improved GUI and many more features. Its market share is estimated to be from 6% to 13% in the personal computing market. It is also meant to be easy to use and also have advanced features. The amount of software available is not as good as Windows but is still quite high. It is a mainly closed source operating system but some major components are open sourced.
Linux
Linux is a more advanced operating system. Although it often has a point-and-click interface, many things must be done via a command line, making it slightly harder to use. For this and several other reasons, this operating system is better suited for someone more knowledgeable in computers. It is a completely open-source operating system, meaning anyone can view the source code. It also has many different distributions. Each distribution focuses on different features such as speed, ease-of-use or security. The Linux market share is approximately 1%.
Windows Security Features
Vista, will be the focus here since it is the newest. Some of the more major security features include the following:
User Account Control
Each time the something occurs that may affect the systems security, a prompt will appear that asks whether or not it should be allowed.
Address Space Randomization
Many hacker exploits involve overflows into other portions of system memory in order to manipulate certain pieces of code. Vista has randomized memory in order to prevent this. By having memory more scattered, overflows often will not modify the correct address in memory, thereby preventing an exploit.
Integrity-Level Access
Everything that is running in Vista is given a certain trust level. For example, something with lower trust cannot modify something with a higher trust level, but something with higher trust may be able to modify something with a lower trust level.
Improved Firewall and Address Stack
Some updates and improvements from the XP firewall and network security.
