http://wiki.cas.mcmaster.ca/index.php?feed=atom&target=Rosolam&title=Special%3AContributionsComputing and Software Wiki - User contributions [en]2026-05-21T18:14:58ZFrom Computing and Software WikiMediaWiki 1.15.1http://wiki.cas.mcmaster.ca/index.php/The_practicality_of_IPv6The practicality of IPv62009-04-13T00:13:32Z<p>Rosolam: </p>
<hr />
<div>[http://www.cas.mcmaster.ca/wiki/index.php/The_Future_of_the_Internet:_IPv6 '''IPv6'''] is an Internet Layer protocol that was created to succeed the currently-used IPv4 (which will eventually need replacing). The official specification of IPv6 was released in December of 1998,<SUP>[ [[IPv6 Specification #References|1]] ]</SUP> and after a decade it still has not become a fully-adopted Internet Protocol. While recent efforts have increased IPv6's overall internet-wide penetration,<SUP>[ [[IPv6 at the Beijing Olympics #References|2]] ]</SUP> IPv4 is still the dominant protocol by a vast margin. There are several issues concerning the feasibility of the overall adoption if IPv6, resulting in some doubting the very need for a completely new protocol. There is much more to the protocol than simply adding or replacing a certain piece of hardware or software, and this has lead to the situation where potential future adopters are reluctant to use the protocol, unable to see how IPv6's advantages offset its high costs; this is especially relevant for potential adopters who do not see themselves requiring more IP addresses than they already have.<br />
<br />
== IPv4 Address Exhaustion ==<br />
The concept of IPv4 address exhaustion is quite simple: eventually, the internet will run out of unallocated IPv4 addresses. While the exact day for IPv4 exhaustion has not been globally established, most reports indicate that it will happen in the year 2011. The Asia-Pacific Network Information Centre believes the date of IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority) address exhaustion to be June 16th 2011<SUP>[ [[Exhaustion Date #References|3]] ]</SUP> while the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) believes this date will land in early 2011. <SUP>[ [[Waiting for the Internet Meltdown|4]] ]</SUP> <br><br><br />
There are several other factors contributing to the exhausting. The most significant one is also the most recent; internet-ready cellular phones can also play a significant role, especially considering the fact that these devices are common. Ununsed IPv4 addresses are also becoming more difficult to reclaim due to the advent of broadband internet; an internet method that, unlike dialup, is typically always on. Also, the potential for inefficient address use during IPv4's early days may also have caused exhaustion to occur sooner.<br />
<br />
== IPv6 Adoption ==<br />
There are many issues and intricacies surrounding the adoption of IPv6. While the numbers may be considered underwhelming, the IPv6 adoption statistics may provide a perspective of what countries or platforms could be considered the most progressive in this regard.<br />
<br />
=== Worldwide Breakdown ===<br />
According to a Google study<SUP>[ [[Google Study #References|5]] ]</SUP>, no more than 1% of the internet traffic from 'any' country worldwide uses IPv6. Russia has the most IPv6 traffic with .76%. China, at .24%, would be argued to have more overall IPv6 volume than any other country, but in proportion its IPv6 adoption rate is still significantly smaller than some other countries. The charts below <SUP>[ [[Google Study #References|5]] ]</SUP> give a more detailed breakdown of what the most IPv6-friendly nations are. While some countries have serveral times the amount of IPv6 traffic per capita, the overall amount of traffic (in proportion or overall) compared to IPv4 is miniscule.<br />
[[Image:IPv6Country.jpg|frame|center|Figure 1: Worldwide IPv6 Demographics<SUP>[5]</SUP>]]<br />
<br />
=== Platform-wide Breakdown ===<br />
[[Image:IPv6OS.jpg|frame|right|Figure 2: Platform-wide IPv6 Usage<SUP>[5]</SUP>]]<br />
The penetration of IPv6 on operating systems is far much more polarized than that of countries; Apple, the leading IPv6 user, has a 2.44% penetration rate, which is over twice that of the second-most IPv6 user, Linux (0.93%). Windows operating systems have the least overall deployment, with older operating systems using IPv6 progressively less. However, like China with respect to worldwide IPv6 usage, the overall IPv6 traffic from Windows may be the most overall, as they do have the most market share by a significant margin.<SUP>[ [[Market Share #References|6]] ]</SUP><br />
<br />
=== Struggles with Adoption ===<br />
There are many issues affecting the deployment of IPv6. Firstly, there is a tremendous financial investment for ISPs to make, which the United States Department of Commerce estimates to be around $25 billion.<SUP>[ [[NIST Document #References|7]] ]</SUP> Also, as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metcalfe%27s_law Metcalfe's Law] implies, the benefits of incremental IPv6 usage increases are small. Also, the internet security community has not been very supportive of the protocol, with less than one in three commercially available firewalls supporting IPv6.<SUP>[ [[ICANN Survey #References|8]] ]</SUP> ISPs may be reluctant to embrace or invest in the new protocol with such a lack of protection, and the incentives for doing so are few.<SUP>[ [[Arbor Networks Article #References|9]] ]</SUP><br />
<br />
== Scrutiny and Criticism of the Protocol ==<br />
Criticism has arose around the implementation of and the need for IPv6. IPv6 is a protocol designed to 'replace' IPv4; a protocol that 'extended' IPv4 would have been easier to implement, and as a result, a warmer reception could have ensued.<SUP>[ [[The IPv6 Mess #References|15]] ]</SUP> A point has also been raised suggesting that all internet communication should support IPv6 before it is even deployed, removing all communication issues. Others believe that the problem itself is severely overstated; a recent study suggests that under 4% of the used IPv4 addresses are connected to visible hosts.<SUP>[ [[Exploring Visible Internet Hosts through Census and Survey|16]] ]</SUP> This suggests that the majority of IPv4 addresses could be intellegently recycled and maintained. Also, IPv6 does not solve many of the routing problems that have plagued IPv4.<SUP>[ [[The Imminent Collapse of the Internet|17]] ]</SUP><br />
<br />
== Usage Statistics ==<br />
The overall internet traffic with IPv6 addresses make up roughly .002% <SUP>[ [[Measuring IPv6 Usage #References|10]] ]</SUP> of the overall traffic on the internet. This number (proportionately to itself) fluxuates significantly. Over a year-long period (between July 2007 and July 2008), IPv6 piqued at just over .008%, while it bottomed out at just over .001%.<SUP>[ [[Arbor Networks Article #References|9]] ]</SUP> While the numbers show a rather unsteady but active trend in IPv6 usage, they also show that the overall IPv6 traffic on the internet is nearly negligible regardless of how much support it has in any given country.<br />
<br />
== Internet Readiness ==<br />
[http://go6.net/ipv6-6bone/ 6bone], the IPv6 testbed, has finished all of its testing for IPv6. While this finished some time ago, it is a recent transgression given the timeline of IPv6. This puts the "functional age" of IPv6 at around 6 years, as opposed to the nearly 15 year lifespan of the project thus far. The facts that IPv6 internet traffic is near nonexistant and international support is scarce does not mean that IPv6 is being ignored. Many significant online initiatives have taken place over the last few years that will ensure rapid IPv6 support, whenever that may occur. China, for example, gave extensive coverage of the 2008 Beijing Olympics over IPv6, and many neighbouring Asian countries took similar initiatives.<SUP>[ [[CIO Article|11]] ]</SUP> The European Union has also called for 25% of its subsidiaries to switch to IPv6 by 2010.<SUP>[ [[The Register #References|12]] ]</SUP> This will not only increase IPv6 traffic considerably, it will also potentially boost the appeal for making the switch. All US Federal Goverment agencies are already IPv6 compliant, meaning the eventual transition will be seemless to their operations.<SUP>[ [[FederalTimes.com|13]] ]</SUP> Comcast Telecommunications also recently made all of their internal network IPv6. The resouding feeling is that IPv6's current cold reception is not as significant as potential for smooth transition.<SUP>[ [[Comcast|14]] ]</SUP><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
# Deering, S. and Hinden, R. RFC 2460, Internet Protocol, Version 6 (IPv6). The Internet Society, 1998.<br />
# Das, Kaushik. IPv6 and the 2008 Beijing Olympics. http://www.ipv6.com/articles/general/IPv6-Olympics-2008.htm<br />
# Huston, Geoff. IPv4 Address Report. http://www.potaroo.net/tools/ipv4/index.html<br />
# Harris, Mark. Waiting for the Internet Meltdown. The Sunday Times, July 6, 2008. http://technology.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/tech_and_web/the_web/article4271879.ece<br />
# Gunderson, S.H. Global IPv6 Statistics. Google. http://rosie.ripe.net/ripe/meetings/ripe-57/presentations/uploads/Thursday/Plenary%2014:00/upl/Colitti-Global_IPv6_statistics_-_Measuring_the_current_state_of_IPv6_for_ordinary_users_.7gzD.pdf<br />
# Market Share by Net Applications, http://marketshare.hitslink.com/report.aspx?qprid=10&qpmr=24&qpdt=1&qpct=3&qpcal=1&qptimeframe=M&qpsp=120&qpnp=1<br />
# Gallagher, Michael P. IPv6 Economic Impact Assessment. US Dept. of Commerce, 2005. http://www.nist.gov/director/prog-ofc/report05-2.pdf<br />
# ICANN Security and Stability. Survey of IPv6 Support in Commercial Firewalls. ICANN, 2007. http://www.icann.org/en/committees/security/sac021.pdf<br />
# Labovitz, Craig. The End is Near, but is IPv6? Arbor Security Networks, 2008. http://asert.arbornetworks.com/2008/08/the-end-is-near-but-is-ipv6/<br />
# Huston, Geoff and Michaelson, George. Measuring IPv6 Deployment. 2008. http://www.potaroo.net/presentations/2008-06-18-ipv6-deployment.pdf<br />
# Worthen, Ben. Internet Strategy: China's Next Generation Internet. CIO, 2006. http://www.cio.com/article/22985/Internet_Strategy_China_s_Next_Generation_Internet_?page=1<br />
# Williams, Chris. EU sets ambitious IPv6 target. The Register, 2008. http://www.theregister.co.uk/2008/05/27/eu_reding_ipv6/<br />
# Castelli, Elise. Agencies ready for next-generation Internet, OMB reports. The Federal Times, 2008. http://federaltimes.com/index.php?S=3607993<br />
# Durand, Alain. IPv6 @ Comcast. Comcast. http://www.ripe.net/ripe/meetings/ripe-54/presentations/IPv6_management.pdf<br />
# Berstein, D.J. The IPv6 Mess. http://cr.yp.to/djbdns/ipv6mess.html<br />
# Heidemann, John et al. Exploring Visible Internet Hosts through Census and Survey. USC/ISI. http://www.isi.edu/~johnh/PAPERS/Heidemann07c.pdf<br />
# Bush, Randy et al. Imminent Collapse of the Internet. http://ran.psg.com/~randy/011004.ripe.pdf<br />
<br />
== External Links ==<br />
* [http://www.ipv6.org/ IPv6.org]<br />
* [http://www.ipv6forum.com/ The IPv6 Forum]<br />
* [http://www.ipv6.com/ The Source for IPv6 Information]<br />
* [http://inetcore.com/project/ipv4ec/index_en.html IPv4 Exhaustion Counter]<br />
* [http://www.arbornetworks.com/IPv6research IPv6 Usage Report]<br />
* [http://www.sixxs.net/misc/coolstuff/ Cool Stuff for IPv6 Only]<br />
<br />
== See Also ==<br />
[[The Future of the Internet: IPv6]]<BR><br />
[[Internet Protocol]]<BR><br />
[[SSH Tunneling]]<BR><br />
[[Virtual Private Networks]]<BR><br />
[[Internet Control Message Protocol]]</div>Rosolamhttp://wiki.cas.mcmaster.ca/index.php/The_practicality_of_IPv6The practicality of IPv62009-04-13T00:12:51Z<p>Rosolam: </p>
<hr />
<div>[http://www.cas.mcmaster.ca/wiki/index.php/The_Future_of_the_Internet:_IPv6 '''IPv6'''] is an Internet Layer protocol that was created to succeed the currently-used IPv4 (which will eventually need replacing). The official specification of IPv6 was released in December of 1998,<SUP>[ [[IPv6 Specification #References|1]] ]</SUP> and after a decade it still has not become a fully-adopted Internet Protocol. While recent efforts have increased IPv6's overall internet-wide penetration,<SUP>[ [[IPv6 at the Beijing Olympics #References|2]] ]</SUP> IPv4 is still the dominant protocol by a vast margin. There are several issues concerning the feasibility of the overall adoption if IPv6, resulting in some doubting the very need for a completely new protocol. There is much more to the protocol than simply adding or replacing a certain piece of hardware or software, and this has lead to the situation where potential future adopters are reluctant to use the protocol, unable to see how IPv6's advantages offset its high costs; this is especially relevant for potential adopters who do not see themselves requiring more IP addresses than they already have.<br />
<br />
== IPv4 Address Exhaustion ==<br />
The concept of IPv4 address exhaustion is quite simple: eventually, the internet will run out of unallocated IPv4 addresses. While the exact day for IPv4 exhaustion has not been globally established, most reports indicate that it will happen in the year 2011. The Asia-Pacific Network Information Centre believes the date of IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority) address exhaustion to be June 16th 2011<SUP>[ [[Exhaustion Date #References|3]] ]</SUP> while the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) believes this date will land in early 2011. <SUP>[ [[Waiting for the Internet Meltdown|4]] ]</SUP> <br><br><br />
There are several other factors contributing to the exhausting. The most significant one is also the most recent; internet-ready cellular phones can also play a significant role, especially considering the fact that these devices are common. Ununsed IPv4 addresses are also becoming more difficult to reclaim due to the advent of broadband internet; an internet method that, unlike dialup, is typically always on. Also, the potential for inefficient address use during IPv4's early days may also have caused exhaustion to occur sooner.<br />
<br />
== IPv6 Adoption ==<br />
There are many issues and intricacies surrounding the adoption of IPv6. While the numbers may be considered underwhelming, the IPv6 adoption statistics may provide a perspective of what countries or platforms could be considered the most progressive in this regard.<br />
<br />
=== Worldwide Breakdown ===<br />
According to a Google study<SUP>[ [[Google Study #References|5]] ]</SUP>, no more than 1% of the internet traffic from 'any' country worldwide uses IPv6. Russia has the most IPv6 traffic with .76%. China, at .24%, would be argued to have more overall IPv6 volume than any other country, but in proportion its IPv6 adoption rate is still significantly smaller than some other countries. The charts below <SUP>[ [[Google Study #References|5]] ]</SUP> give a more detailed breakdown of what the most IPv6-friendly nations are. While some countries have serveral times the amount of IPv6 traffic per capita, the overall amount of traffic (in proportion or overall) compared to IPv4 is miniscule.<br />
[[Image:IPv6Country.jpg|frame|center|Figure 1: Worldwide IPv6 Demographics<SUP>[5]</SUP>]]<br />
<br />
=== Platform-wide Breakdown ===<br />
[[Image:IPv6OS.jpg|frame|right|Figure 2: Platform-wide IPv6 Usage<SUP>[5]</SUP>]]<br />
The penetration of IPv6 on operating systems is far much more polarized than that of countries; Apple, the leading IPv6 user, has a 2.44% penetration rate, which is over twice that of the second-most IPv6 user, Linux (0.93%). Windows operating systems have the least overall deployment, with older operating systems using IPv6 progressively less. However, like China with respect to worldwide IPv6 usage, the overall IPv6 traffic from Windows may be the most overall, as they do have the most market share by a significant margin.<SUP>[ [[Market Share #References|6]] ]</SUP><br />
<br />
=== Struggles with Adoption ===<br />
There are many issues affecting the deployment of IPv6. Firstly, there is a tremendous financial investment for ISPs to make, which the United States Department of Commerce estimates to be around $25 billion.<SUP>[ [[NIST Document #References|7]] ]</SUP> Also, as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metcalfe%27s_law Metcalfe's Law] implies, the benefits of incremental IPv6 usage increases are small. Also, the internet security community has not been very supportive of the protocol, with less than one in three commercially available firewalls supporting IPv6.<SUP>[ [[ICANN Survey #References|8]] ]</SUP> ISPs may be reluctant to embrace or invest in the new protocol with such a lack of protection, and the incentives for doing so are few.<SUP>[ [[Arbor Networks Article #References|9]] ]</SUP><br />
<br />
== Scrutiny and Criticism of the Protocol ==<br />
Criticism has arose around the implementation of and the need for IPv6. IPv6 is a protocol designed to 'replace' IPv4; a protocol that 'extended' IPv4 would have been easier to implement, and as a result, a warmer reception could have ensued.<SUP>[ [[The IPv6 Mess #References|15]] ]</SUP> A point has also been raised suggesting that all internet communication should support IPv6 before it is even deployed, removing all communication issues. Others believe that the problem itself is severely overstated; a recent study suggests that under 4% of the used IPv4 addresses are connected to visible hosts.<SUP>[ [[Exploring Visible Internet Hosts through Census and Survey|16]] ]</SUP> This suggests that the majority of IPv4 addresses could be intellegently recycled and maintained. Also, IPv6 does not solve many of the routing problems that have plagued IPv4.<SUP>[ [[The Imminent Collapse of the Internet|17]] ]</SUP> These criticisms and the struggles IPv6 adoption has faced <br />
<br />
== Usage Statistics ==<br />
The overall internet traffic with IPv6 addresses make up roughly .002% <SUP>[ [[Measuring IPv6 Usage #References|10]] ]</SUP> of the overall traffic on the internet. This number (proportionately to itself) fluxuates significantly. Over a year-long period (between July 2007 and July 2008), IPv6 piqued at just over .008%, while it bottomed out at just over .001%.<SUP>[ [[Arbor Networks Article #References|9]] ]</SUP> While the numbers show a rather unsteady but active trend in IPv6 usage, they also show that the overall IPv6 traffic on the internet is nearly negligible regardless of how much support it has in any given country.<br />
<br />
== Internet Readiness ==<br />
[http://go6.net/ipv6-6bone/ 6bone], the IPv6 testbed, has finished all of its testing for IPv6. While this finished some time ago, it is a recent transgression given the timeline of IPv6. This puts the "functional age" of IPv6 at around 6 years, as opposed to the nearly 15 year lifespan of the project thus far. The facts that IPv6 internet traffic is near nonexistant and international support is scarce does not mean that IPv6 is being ignored. Many significant online initiatives have taken place over the last few years that will ensure rapid IPv6 support, whenever that may occur. China, for example, gave extensive coverage of the 2008 Beijing Olympics over IPv6, and many neighbouring Asian countries took similar initiatives.<SUP>[ [[CIO Article|11]] ]</SUP> The European Union has also called for 25% of its subsidiaries to switch to IPv6 by 2010.<SUP>[ [[The Register #References|12]] ]</SUP> This will not only increase IPv6 traffic considerably, it will also potentially boost the appeal for making the switch. All US Federal Goverment agencies are already IPv6 compliant, meaning the eventual transition will be seemless to their operations.<SUP>[ [[FederalTimes.com|13]] ]</SUP> Comcast Telecommunications also recently made all of their internal network IPv6. The resouding feeling is that IPv6's current cold reception is not as significant as potential for smooth transition.<SUP>[ [[Comcast|14]] ]</SUP><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
# Deering, S. and Hinden, R. RFC 2460, Internet Protocol, Version 6 (IPv6). The Internet Society, 1998.<br />
# Das, Kaushik. IPv6 and the 2008 Beijing Olympics. http://www.ipv6.com/articles/general/IPv6-Olympics-2008.htm<br />
# Huston, Geoff. IPv4 Address Report. http://www.potaroo.net/tools/ipv4/index.html<br />
# Harris, Mark. Waiting for the Internet Meltdown. The Sunday Times, July 6, 2008. http://technology.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/tech_and_web/the_web/article4271879.ece<br />
# Gunderson, S.H. Global IPv6 Statistics. Google. http://rosie.ripe.net/ripe/meetings/ripe-57/presentations/uploads/Thursday/Plenary%2014:00/upl/Colitti-Global_IPv6_statistics_-_Measuring_the_current_state_of_IPv6_for_ordinary_users_.7gzD.pdf<br />
# Market Share by Net Applications, http://marketshare.hitslink.com/report.aspx?qprid=10&qpmr=24&qpdt=1&qpct=3&qpcal=1&qptimeframe=M&qpsp=120&qpnp=1<br />
# Gallagher, Michael P. IPv6 Economic Impact Assessment. US Dept. of Commerce, 2005. http://www.nist.gov/director/prog-ofc/report05-2.pdf<br />
# ICANN Security and Stability. Survey of IPv6 Support in Commercial Firewalls. ICANN, 2007. http://www.icann.org/en/committees/security/sac021.pdf<br />
# Labovitz, Craig. The End is Near, but is IPv6? Arbor Security Networks, 2008. http://asert.arbornetworks.com/2008/08/the-end-is-near-but-is-ipv6/<br />
# Huston, Geoff and Michaelson, George. Measuring IPv6 Deployment. 2008. http://www.potaroo.net/presentations/2008-06-18-ipv6-deployment.pdf<br />
# Worthen, Ben. Internet Strategy: China's Next Generation Internet. CIO, 2006. http://www.cio.com/article/22985/Internet_Strategy_China_s_Next_Generation_Internet_?page=1<br />
# Williams, Chris. EU sets ambitious IPv6 target. The Register, 2008. http://www.theregister.co.uk/2008/05/27/eu_reding_ipv6/<br />
# Castelli, Elise. Agencies ready for next-generation Internet, OMB reports. The Federal Times, 2008. http://federaltimes.com/index.php?S=3607993<br />
# Durand, Alain. IPv6 @ Comcast. Comcast. http://www.ripe.net/ripe/meetings/ripe-54/presentations/IPv6_management.pdf<br />
# Berstein, D.J. The IPv6 Mess. http://cr.yp.to/djbdns/ipv6mess.html<br />
# Heidemann, John et al. Exploring Visible Internet Hosts through Census and Survey. USC/ISI. http://www.isi.edu/~johnh/PAPERS/Heidemann07c.pdf<br />
# Bush, Randy et al. Imminent Collapse of the Internet. http://ran.psg.com/~randy/011004.ripe.pdf<br />
<br />
== External Links ==<br />
* [http://www.ipv6.org/ IPv6.org]<br />
* [http://www.ipv6forum.com/ The IPv6 Forum]<br />
* [http://www.ipv6.com/ The Source for IPv6 Information]<br />
* [http://inetcore.com/project/ipv4ec/index_en.html IPv4 Exhaustion Counter]<br />
* [http://www.arbornetworks.com/IPv6research IPv6 Usage Report]<br />
* [http://www.sixxs.net/misc/coolstuff/ Cool Stuff for IPv6 Only]<br />
<br />
== See Also ==<br />
[[The Future of the Internet: IPv6]]<BR><br />
[[Internet Protocol]]<BR><br />
[[SSH Tunneling]]<BR><br />
[[Virtual Private Networks]]<BR><br />
[[Internet Control Message Protocol]]</div>Rosolamhttp://wiki.cas.mcmaster.ca/index.php/The_practicality_of_IPv6The practicality of IPv62009-04-13T00:12:38Z<p>Rosolam: </p>
<hr />
<div>[http://www.cas.mcmaster.ca/wiki/index.php/The_Future_of_the_Internet:_IPv6 '''IPv6'''] is an Internet Layer protocol that was created to succeed the currently-used IPv4 (which will eventually need replacing). The official specification of IPv6 was released in December of 1998,<SUP>[ [[IPv6 Specification #References|1]] ]</SUP> and after a decade it still has not become a fully-adopted Internet Protocol. While recent efforts have increased IPv6's overall internet-wide penetration,<SUP>[ [[IPv6 at the Beijing Olympics #References|2]] ]</SUP> IPv4 is still the dominant protocol by a vast margin. There are several issues concerning the feasibility of the overall adoption if IPv6, resulting in some doubting the very need for a completely new protocol. There is much more to the protocol than simply adding or replacing a certain piece of hardware or software, and this has lead to the situation where potential future adopters are reluctant to use the protocol, unable to see how IPv6's advantages offset its high costs; this is especially relevant for potential adopters who do not see themselves requiring more IP addresses than they already have.<br />
<br />
== IPv4 Address Exhaustion ==<br />
The concept of IPv4 address exhaustion is quite simple: eventually, the internet will run out of unallocated IPv4 addresses. While the exact day for IPv4 exhaustion has not been globally established, most reports indicate that it will happen in the year 2011. The Asia-Pacific Network Information Centre believes the date of IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority) address exhaustion to be June 16th 2011<SUP>[ [[Exhaustion Date #References|3]] ]</SUP> while the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) believes this date will land in early 2011. <SUP>[ [[Waiting for the Internet Meltdown|4]] ]</SUP> <br><br><br />
There are several other factors contributing to the exhausting. The most significant one is also the most recent; internet-ready cellular phones can also play a significant role, especially considering the fact that these devices are common. Ununsed IPv4 addresses are also becoming more difficult to reclaim due to the advent of broadband internet; an internet method that, unlike dialup, is typically always on. Also, the potential for inefficient address use during IPv4's early days may also have caused exhaustion to occur sooner.<br />
<br />
== IPv6 Adoption ==<br />
There are many issues and intricacies surrounding the adoption of IPv6. While the numbers may be considered underwhelming, the IPv6 adoption statistics may provide a perspective of what countries or platforms could be considered the most progressive in this regard.<br />
<br />
=== Worldwide Breakdown ===<br />
According to a Google study<SUP>[ [[Google Study #References|5]] ]</SUP>, no more than 1% of the internet traffic from 'any' country worldwide uses IPv6. Russia has the most IPv6 traffic with .76%. China, at .24%, would be argued to have more overall IPv6 volume than any other country, but in proportion its IPv6 adoption rate is still significantly smaller than some other countries. The charts below <SUP>[ [[Google Study #References|5]] ]</SUP> give a more detailed breakdown of what the most IPv6-friendly nations are. While some countries have serveral times the amount of IPv6 traffic per capita, the overall amount of traffic (in proportion or overall) compared to IPv4 is miniscule.<br />
[[Image:IPv6Country.jpg|frame|center|Figure 1: Worldwide IPv6 Demographics<SUP>[5]</SUP>]]<br />
<br />
=== Platform-wide Breakdown ===<br />
[[Image:IPv6OS.jpg|frame|right|Figure 2: Platform-wide IPv6 Usage<SUP>[5]</SUP>]]<br />
The penetration of IPv6 on operating systems is far much more polarized than that of countries; Apple, the leading IPv6 user, has a 2.44% penetration rate, which is over twice that of the second-most IPv6 user, Linux (0.93%). Windows operating systems have the least overall deployment, with older operating systems using IPv6 progressively less. However, like China with respect to worldwide IPv6 usage, the overall IPv6 traffic from Windows may be the most overall, as they do have the most market share by a significant margin.<SUP>[ [[Market Share #References|6]] ]</SUP><br />
<br />
=== Struggles with Adoption ===<br />
There are many issues affecting the deployment of IPv6. Firstly, there is a tremendous financial investment for ISPs to make, which the United States Department of Commerce estimates to be around $25 billion.<SUP>[ [[NIST Document #References|7]] ]</SUP> Also, as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metcalfe%27s_law Metcalfe's Law] implies, the benefits of incremental IPv6 usage increases are small. Also, the internet security community has not been very supportive of the protocol, with less than one in three commercially available firewalls supporting IPv6.<SUP>[ [[ICANN Survey #References|8]] ]</SUP> ISPs may be reluctant to embrace or invest in the new protocol with such a lack of protection, and the incentives for doing so are few.<SUP>[ [[Arbor Networks Article #References|9]] ]</SUP><br />
<br />
== Scrutiny and Criticism of the Protocol ==<br />
Criticism has arose around the implementation of and the need for IPv6. IPv6 is a protocol designed to 'replace' IPv4; a protocol that 'extended' IPv4 would have been easier to implement, and as a result, a warmer reception could have ensued.<SUP>[ [[The IPv6 Mess #References|15]] ]</SUP> A point has also been raised suggesting that all internet communication should support IPv6 before it is even deployed, removing all communication issues. Others believe that the problem itself is severely overstated; a recent study suggests that under 4% of the used IPv4 addresses are connected to visible hosts.<SUP>[ [[Exploring Visible Internet Hosts through Census and Survey|16]] ]</SUP> This suggests that the majority of IPv4 addresses could be intellegently recycled and maintained. Also, IPv6 does not solve many of the routing problems that have plagued IPv4.<SUP>[ [[The Imminent Collapse of the Internet|17]] ]</SUP> These criticisms and the struggles IPv6 adoption has faced <br />
<br />
== Usage Statistics ==<br />
The overall internet traffic with IPv6 addresses make up roughly .002% <SUP>[ [[Measuring IPv6 Usage #References|10]] ]</SUP> of the overall traffic on the internet. This number (proportionately to itself) fluxuates significantly. Over a year-long period (between July 2007 and July 2008), IPv6 piqued at just over .008%, while it bottomed out at just over .001%.<SUP>[ [[Arbor Networks Article #References|9]] ]</SUP> While the numbers show a rather unsteady but active trend in IPv6 usage, they also show that the overall IPv6 traffic on the internet is nearly negligible regardless of how much support it has in any given country.<br />
<br />
== Internet Readiness ==<br />
[http://go6.net/ipv6-6bone/ 6bone], the IPv6 testbed, has finished all of its testing for IPv6. While this finished some time ago, it is a recent transgression given the timeline of IPv6. This puts the "functional age" of IPv6 at around 6 years, as opposed to the nearly 15 year lifespan of the project thus far. The facts that IPv6 internet traffic is near nonexistant and international support is scarce does not mean that IPv6 is being ignored. Many significant online initiatives have taken place over the last few years that will ensure rapid IPv6 support, whenever that may occur. China, for example, gave extensive coverage of the 2008 Beijing Olympics over IPv6, and many neighbouring Asian countries took similar initiatives.<SUP>[ [[CIO Article|11]] ]</SUP> The European Union has also called for 25% of its subsidiaries to switch to IPv6 by 2010.<SUP>[ [[The Register #References|12]] ]</SUP> This will not only increase IPv6 traffic considerably, it will also potentially boost the appeal for making the switch. All US Federal Goverment agencies are already IPv6 compliant, meaning the eventual transition will be seemless to their operations.<SUP>[ [[FederalTimes.com|13]] ]</SUP> Comcast Telecommunications also recently made all of their internal network IPv6. The resouding feeling is that IPv6's current cold reception is not as significant as potential for smooth transition.<SUP>[ [[Comcast|14]] ]</SUP><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
# Deering, S. and Hinden, R. RFC 2460, Internet Protocol, Version 6 (IPv6). The Internet Society, 1998.<br />
# Das, Kaushik. IPv6 and the 2008 Beijing Olympics. http://www.ipv6.com/articles/general/IPv6-Olympics-2008.htm<br />
# Huston, Geoff. IPv4 Address Report. http://www.potaroo.net/tools/ipv4/index.html<br />
# Harris, Mark. Waiting for the Internet Meltdown. The Sunday Times, July 6, 2008. http://technology.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/tech_and_web/the_web/article4271879.ece<br />
# Gunderson, S.H. Global IPv6 Statistics. Google. http://rosie.ripe.net/ripe/meetings/ripe-57/presentations/uploads/Thursday/Plenary%2014:00/upl/Colitti-Global_IPv6_statistics_-_Measuring_the_current_state_of_IPv6_for_ordinary_users_.7gzD.pdf<br />
# Market Share by Net Applications, http://marketshare.hitslink.com/report.aspx?qprid=10&qpmr=24&qpdt=1&qpct=3&qpcal=1&qptimeframe=M&qpsp=120&qpnp=1<br />
# Gallagher, Michael P. IPv6 Economic Impact Assessment. US Dept. of Commerce, 2005. http://www.nist.gov/director/prog-ofc/report05-2.pdf<br />
# ICANN Security and Stability. Survey of IPv6 Support in Commercial Firewalls. ICANN, 2007. http://www.icann.org/en/committees/security/sac021.pdf<br />
# Labovitz, Craig. The End is Near, but is IPv6? Arbor Security Networks, 2008. http://asert.arbornetworks.com/2008/08/the-end-is-near-but-is-ipv6/<br />
# Huston, Geoff and Michaelson, George. Measuring IPv6 Deployment. 2008. http://www.potaroo.net/presentations/2008-06-18-ipv6-deployment.pdf<br />
# Worthen, Ben. Internet Strategy: China's Next Generation Internet. CIO, 2006. http://www.cio.com/article/22985/Internet_Strategy_China_s_Next_Generation_Internet_?page=1<br />
# Williams, Chris. EU sets ambitious IPv6 target. The Register, 2008. http://www.theregister.co.uk/2008/05/27/eu_reding_ipv6/<br />
# Castelli, Elise. Agencies ready for next-generation Internet, OMB reports. The Federal Times, 2008. http://federaltimes.com/index.php?S=3607993<br />
# Durand, Alain. IPv6 @ Comcast. Comcast. http://www.ripe.net/ripe/meetings/ripe-54/presentations/IPv6_management.pdf<br />
# Berstein, D.J. The IPv6 Mess. http://cr.yp.to/djbdns/ipv6mess.html<br />
# Heidemann, John et al. Exploring Visible Internet Hosts through Census and Survey. USC/ISI. http://www.isi.edu/~johnh/PAPERS/Heidemann07c.pdf<br />
# Bush, Randy et al. Imminent Collapse of the Internet. http://ran.psg.com/~randy/011004.ripe.pdf<br />
<br />
== External Links ==<br />
* [http://www.ipv6.org/ IPv6.org]<br />
* [http://www.ipv6forum.com/ The IPv6 Forum]<br />
* http://www.ipv6.com/ The Source for IPv6 Information]<br />
* [http://inetcore.com/project/ipv4ec/index_en.html IPv4 Exhaustion Counter]<br />
* [http://www.arbornetworks.com/IPv6research IPv6 Usage Report]<br />
* [http://www.sixxs.net/misc/coolstuff/ Cool Stuff for IPv6 Only]<br />
<br />
== See Also ==<br />
[[The Future of the Internet: IPv6]]<BR><br />
[[Internet Protocol]]<BR><br />
[[SSH Tunneling]]<BR><br />
[[Virtual Private Networks]]<BR><br />
[[Internet Control Message Protocol]]</div>Rosolamhttp://wiki.cas.mcmaster.ca/index.php/The_practicality_of_IPv6The practicality of IPv62009-04-13T00:11:17Z<p>Rosolam: </p>
<hr />
<div>[http://www.cas.mcmaster.ca/wiki/index.php/The_Future_of_the_Internet:_IPv6 '''IPv6'''] is an Internet Layer protocol that was created to succeed the currently-used IPv4 (which will eventually need replacing). The official specification of IPv6 was released in December of 1998,<SUP>[ [[IPv6 Specification #References|1]] ]</SUP> and after a decade it still has not become a fully-adopted Internet Protocol. While recent efforts have increased IPv6's overall internet-wide penetration,<SUP>[ [[IPv6 at the Beijing Olympics #References|2]] ]</SUP> IPv4 is still the dominant protocol by a vast margin. There are several issues concerning the feasibility of the overall adoption if IPv6, resulting in some doubting the very need for a completely new protocol. There is much more to the protocol than simply adding or replacing a certain piece of hardware or software, and this has lead to the situation where potential future adopters are reluctant to use the protocol, unable to see how IPv6's advantages offset its high costs; this is especially relevant for potential adopters who do not see themselves requiring more IP addresses than they already have.<br />
<br />
== IPv4 Address Exhaustion ==<br />
The concept of IPv4 address exhaustion is quite simple: eventually, the internet will run out of unallocated IPv4 addresses. While the exact day for IPv4 exhaustion has not been globally established, most reports indicate that it will happen in the year 2011. The Asia-Pacific Network Information Centre believes the date of IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority) address exhaustion to be June 16th 2011<SUP>[ [[Exhaustion Date #References|3]] ]</SUP> while the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) believes this date will land in early 2011. <SUP>[ [[Waiting for the Internet Meltdown|4]] ]</SUP> <br><br><br />
There are several other factors contributing to the exhausting. The most significant one is also the most recent; internet-ready cellular phones can also play a significant role, especially considering the fact that these devices are common. Ununsed IPv4 addresses are also becoming more difficult to reclaim due to the advent of broadband internet; an internet method that, unlike dialup, is typically always on. Also, the potential for inefficient address use during IPv4's early days may also have caused exhaustion to occur sooner.<br />
<br />
== IPv6 Adoption ==<br />
There are many issues and intricacies surrounding the adoption of IPv6. While the numbers may be considered underwhelming, the IPv6 adoption statistics may provide a perspective of what countries or platforms could be considered the most progressive in this regard.<br />
<br />
=== Worldwide Breakdown ===<br />
According to a Google study<SUP>[ [[Google Study #References|5]] ]</SUP>, no more than 1% of the internet traffic from 'any' country worldwide uses IPv6. Russia has the most IPv6 traffic with .76%. China, at .24%, would be argued to have more overall IPv6 volume than any other country, but in proportion its IPv6 adoption rate is still significantly smaller than some other countries. The charts below <SUP>[ [[Google Study #References|5]] ]</SUP> give a more detailed breakdown of what the most IPv6-friendly nations are. While some countries have serveral times the amount of IPv6 traffic per capita, the overall amount of traffic (in proportion or overall) compared to IPv4 is miniscule.<br />
[[Image:IPv6Country.jpg|frame|center|Figure 1: Worldwide IPv6 Demographics<SUP>[5]</SUP>]]<br />
<br />
=== Platform-wide Breakdown ===<br />
[[Image:IPv6OS.jpg|frame|right|Figure 2: Platform-wide IPv6 Usage<SUP>[5]</SUP>]]<br />
The penetration of IPv6 on operating systems is far much more polarized than that of countries; Apple, the leading IPv6 user, has a 2.44% penetration rate, which is over twice that of the second-most IPv6 user, Linux (0.93%). Windows operating systems have the least overall deployment, with older operating systems using IPv6 progressively less. However, like China with respect to worldwide IPv6 usage, the overall IPv6 traffic from Windows may be the most overall, as they do have the most market share by a significant margin.<SUP>[ [[Market Share #References|6]] ]</SUP><br />
<br />
=== Struggles with Adoption ===<br />
There are many issues affecting the deployment of IPv6. Firstly, there is a tremendous financial investment for ISPs to make, which the United States Department of Commerce estimates to be around $25 billion.<SUP>[ [[NIST Document #References|7]] ]</SUP> Also, as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metcalfe%27s_law Metcalfe's Law] implies, the benefits of incremental IPv6 usage increases are small. Also, the internet security community has not been very supportive of the protocol, with less than one in three commercially available firewalls supporting IPv6.<SUP>[ [[ICANN Survey #References|8]] ]</SUP> ISPs may be reluctant to embrace or invest in the new protocol with such a lack of protection, and the incentives for doing so are few.<SUP>[ [[Arbor Networks Article #References|9]] ]</SUP><br />
<br />
== Scrutiny and Criticism of the Protocol ==<br />
Criticism has arose around the implementation of and the need for IPv6. IPv6 is a protocol designed to 'replace' IPv4; a protocol that 'extended' IPv4 would have been easier to implement, and as a result, a warmer reception could have ensued.<SUP>[ [[The IPv6 Mess #References|15]] ]</SUP> A point has also been raised suggesting that all internet communication should support IPv6 before it is even deployed, removing all communication issues. Others believe that the problem itself is severely overstated; a recent study suggests that under 4% of the used IPv4 addresses are connected to visible hosts.<SUP>[ [[Exploring Visible Internet Hosts through Census and Survey|16]] ]</SUP> This suggests that the majority of IPv4 addresses could be intellegently recycled and maintained. Also, IPv6 does not solve many of the routing problems that have plagued IPv4.<SUP>[ [[The Imminent Collapse of the Internet|17]] ]</SUP> These criticisms and the struggles IPv6 adoption has faced <br />
<br />
== Usage Statistics ==<br />
The overall internet traffic with IPv6 addresses make up roughly .002% <SUP>[ [[Measuring IPv6 Usage #References|10]] ]</SUP> of the overall traffic on the internet. This number (proportionately to itself) fluxuates significantly. Over a year-long period (between July 2007 and July 2008), IPv6 piqued at just over .008%, while it bottomed out at just over .001%.<SUP>[ [[Arbor Networks Article #References|9]] ]</SUP> While the numbers show a rather unsteady but active trend in IPv6 usage, they also show that the overall IPv6 traffic on the internet is nearly negligible regardless of how much support it has in any given country.<br />
<br />
== Internet Readiness ==<br />
[http://go6.net/ipv6-6bone/ 6bone], the IPv6 testbed, has finished all of its testing for IPv6. While this finished some time ago, it is a recent transgression given the timeline of IPv6. This puts the "functional age" of IPv6 at around 6 years, as opposed to the nearly 15 year lifespan of the project thus far. The facts that IPv6 internet traffic is near nonexistant and international support is scarce does not mean that IPv6 is being ignored. Many significant online initiatives have taken place over the last few years that will ensure rapid IPv6 support, whenever that may occur. China, for example, gave extensive coverage of the 2008 Beijing Olympics over IPv6, and many neighbouring Asian countries took similar initiatives.<SUP>[ [[CIO Article|11]] ]</SUP> The European Union has also called for 25% of its subsidiaries to switch to IPv6 by 2010.<SUP>[ [[The Register #References|12]] ]</SUP> This will not only increase IPv6 traffic considerably, it will also potentially boost the appeal for making the switch. All US Federal Goverment agencies are already IPv6 compliant, meaning the eventual transition will be seemless to their operations.<SUP>[ [[FederalTimes.com|13]] ]</SUP> Comcast Telecommunications also recently made all of their internal network IPv6. The resouding feeling is that IPv6's current cold reception is not as significant as potential for smooth transition.<SUP>[ [[Comcast|14]] ]</SUP><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
# Deering, S. and Hinden, R. RFC 2460, Internet Protocol, Version 6 (IPv6). The Internet Society, 1998.<br />
# Das, Kaushik. IPv6 and the 2008 Beijing Olympics. http://www.ipv6.com/articles/general/IPv6-Olympics-2008.htm<br />
# Huston, Geoff. IPv4 Address Report. http://www.potaroo.net/tools/ipv4/index.html<br />
# Harris, Mark. Waiting for the Internet Meltdown. The Sunday Times, July 6, 2008. http://technology.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/tech_and_web/the_web/article4271879.ece<br />
# Gunderson, S.H. Global IPv6 Statistics. Google. http://rosie.ripe.net/ripe/meetings/ripe-57/presentations/uploads/Thursday/Plenary%2014:00/upl/Colitti-Global_IPv6_statistics_-_Measuring_the_current_state_of_IPv6_for_ordinary_users_.7gzD.pdf<br />
# Market Share by Net Applications, http://marketshare.hitslink.com/report.aspx?qprid=10&qpmr=24&qpdt=1&qpct=3&qpcal=1&qptimeframe=M&qpsp=120&qpnp=1<br />
# Gallagher, Michael P. IPv6 Economic Impact Assessment. US Dept. of Commerce, 2005. http://www.nist.gov/director/prog-ofc/report05-2.pdf<br />
# ICANN Security and Stability. Survey of IPv6 Support in Commercial Firewalls. ICANN, 2007. http://www.icann.org/en/committees/security/sac021.pdf<br />
# Labovitz, Craig. The End is Near, but is IPv6? Arbor Security Networks, 2008. http://asert.arbornetworks.com/2008/08/the-end-is-near-but-is-ipv6/<br />
# Huston, Geoff and Michaelson, George. Measuring IPv6 Deployment. 2008. http://www.potaroo.net/presentations/2008-06-18-ipv6-deployment.pdf<br />
# Worthen, Ben. Internet Strategy: China's Next Generation Internet. CIO, 2006. http://www.cio.com/article/22985/Internet_Strategy_China_s_Next_Generation_Internet_?page=1<br />
# Williams, Chris. EU sets ambitious IPv6 target. The Register, 2008. http://www.theregister.co.uk/2008/05/27/eu_reding_ipv6/<br />
# Castelli, Elise. Agencies ready for next-generation Internet, OMB reports. The Federal Times, 2008. http://federaltimes.com/index.php?S=3607993<br />
# Durand, Alain. IPv6 @ Comcast. Comcast. http://www.ripe.net/ripe/meetings/ripe-54/presentations/IPv6_management.pdf<br />
# Berstein, D.J. The IPv6 Mess. http://cr.yp.to/djbdns/ipv6mess.html<br />
# Heidemann, John et al. Exploring Visible Internet Hosts through Census and Survey. USC/ISI. http://www.isi.edu/~johnh/PAPERS/Heidemann07c.pdf<br />
# Bush, Randy et al. Imminent Collapse of the Internet. http://ran.psg.com/~randy/011004.ripe.pdf<br />
<br />
== External Links ==<br />
(External Links)<BR><br />
* [http://inetcore.com/project/ipv4ec/index_en.html IPv4 Exhaustion Counter]<br />
* [http://www.arbornetworks.com/IPv6research IPv6 Usage Report]<br />
* [http://www.sixxs.net/misc/coolstuff/ Cool Stuff for IPv6 Only]<br />
== See Also ==<br />
[[The Future of the Internet: IPv6]]<BR><br />
[[Internet Protocol]]<BR><br />
[[SSH Tunneling]]<BR><br />
[[Virtual Private Networks]]<BR><br />
[[Internet Control Message Protocol]]</div>Rosolamhttp://wiki.cas.mcmaster.ca/index.php/The_practicality_of_IPv6The practicality of IPv62009-04-13T00:10:15Z<p>Rosolam: </p>
<hr />
<div>[http://www.cas.mcmaster.ca/wiki/index.php/The_Future_of_the_Internet:_IPv6 '''IPv6'''] is an Internet Layer protocol that was created to succeed the currently-used IPv4 (which will eventually need replacing). The official specification of IPv6 was released in December of 1998,<SUP>[ [[IPv6 Specification #References|1]] ]</SUP> and after a decade it still has not become a fully-adopted Internet Protocol. While recent efforts have increased IPv6's overall internet-wide penetration,<SUP>[ [[IPv6 at the Beijing Olympics #References|2]] ]</SUP> IPv4 is still the dominant protocol by a vast margin. There are several issues concerning the feasibility of the overall adoption if IPv6, resulting in some doubting the very need for a completely new protocol. There is much more to the protocol than simply adding or replacing a certain piece of hardware or software, and this has lead to the situation where potential future adopters are reluctant to use the protocol, unable to see how IPv6's advantages offset its high costs; this is especially relevant for potential adopters who do not see themselves requiring more IP addresses than they already have.<br />
<br />
<BR><BR>How to reference: <SUP>[ [[Name of Section #References|1]] ]</SUP> <BR><br />
<br />
== IPv4 Address Exhaustion ==<br />
The concept of IPv4 address exhaustion is quite simple: eventually, the internet will run out of unallocated IPv4 addresses. While the exact day for IPv4 exhaustion has not been globally established, most reports indicate that it will happen in the year 2011. The Asia-Pacific Network Information Centre believes the date of IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority) address exhaustion to be June 16th 2011<SUP>[ [[Exhaustion Date #References|3]] ]</SUP> while the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) believes this date will land in early 2011. <SUP>[ [[Waiting for the Internet Meltdown|4]] ]</SUP> <br><br><br />
There are several other factors contributing to the exhausting. The most significant one is also the most recent; internet-ready cellular phones can also play a significant role, especially considering the fact that these devices are common. Ununsed IPv4 addresses are also becoming more difficult to reclaim due to the advent of broadband internet; an internet method that, unlike dialup, is typically always on. Also, the potential for inefficient address use during IPv4's early days may also have caused exhaustion to occur sooner.<br />
<br />
== IPv6 Adoption ==<br />
There are many issues and intricacies surrounding the adoption of IPv6. While the numbers may be considered underwhelming, the IPv6 adoption statistics may provide a perspective of what countries or platforms could be considered the most progressive in this regard.<br />
<br />
=== Worldwide Breakdown ===<br />
According to a Google study<SUP>[ [[Google Study #References|5]] ]</SUP>, no more than 1% of the internet traffic from 'any' country worldwide uses IPv6. Russia has the most IPv6 traffic with .76%. China, at .24%, would be argued to have more overall IPv6 volume than any other country, but in proportion its IPv6 adoption rate is still significantly smaller than some other countries. The charts below <SUP>[ [[Google Study #References|5]] ]</SUP> give a more detailed breakdown of what the most IPv6-friendly nations are. While some countries have serveral times the amount of IPv6 traffic per capita, the overall amount of traffic (in proportion or overall) compared to IPv4 is miniscule.<br />
[[Image:IPv6Country.jpg|frame|center|Figure 1: Worldwide IPv6 Demographics<SUP>[5]</SUP>]]<br />
<br />
=== Platform-wide Breakdown ===<br />
[[Image:IPv6OS.jpg|frame|right|Figure 2: Platform-wide IPv6 Usage<SUP>[5]</SUP>]]<br />
The penetration of IPv6 on operating systems is far much more polarized than that of countries; Apple, the leading IPv6 user, has a 2.44% penetration rate, which is over twice that of the second-most IPv6 user, Linux (0.93%). Windows operating systems have the least overall deployment, with older operating systems using IPv6 progressively less. However, like China with respect to worldwide IPv6 usage, the overall IPv6 traffic from Windows may be the most overall, as they do have the most market share by a significant margin.<SUP>[ [[Market Share #References|6]] ]</SUP><br />
<br />
=== Struggles with Adoption ===<br />
There are many issues affecting the deployment of IPv6. Firstly, there is a tremendous financial investment for ISPs to make, which the United States Department of Commerce estimates to be around $25 billion.<SUP>[ [[NIST Document #References|7]] ]</SUP> Also, as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metcalfe%27s_law Metcalfe's Law] implies, the benefits of incremental IPv6 usage increases are small. Also, the internet security community has not been very supportive of the protocol, with less than one in three commercially available firewalls supporting IPv6.<SUP>[ [[ICANN Survey #References|8]] ]</SUP> ISPs may be reluctant to embrace or invest in the new protocol with such a lack of protection, and the incentives for doing so are few.<SUP>[ [[Arbor Networks Article #References|9]] ]</SUP><br />
<br />
== Scrutiny and Criticism of the Protocol ==<br />
Criticism has arose around the implementation of and the need for IPv6. IPv6 is a protocol designed to 'replace' IPv4; a protocol that 'extended' IPv4 would have been easier to implement, and as a result, a warmer reception could have ensued.<SUP>[ [[The IPv6 Mess #References|15]] ]</SUP> A point has also been raised suggesting that all internet communication should support IPv6 before it is even deployed, removing all communication issues. Others believe that the problem itself is severely overstated; a recent study suggests that under 4% of the used IPv4 addresses are connected to visible hosts.<SUP>[ [[Exploring Visible Internet Hosts through Census and Survey|16]] ]</SUP> This suggests that the majority of IPv4 addresses could be intellegently recycled and maintained. Also, IPv6 does not solve many of the routing problems that have plagued IPv4.<SUP>[ [[The Imminent Collapse of the Internet|17]] ]</SUP><br />
<br />
== Usage Statistics ==<br />
The overall internet traffic with IPv6 addresses make up roughly .002% <SUP>[ [[Measuring IPv6 Usage #References|10]] ]</SUP> of the overall traffic on the internet. This number (proportionately to itself) fluxuates significantly. Over a year-long period (between July 2007 and July 2008), IPv6 piqued at just over .008%, while it bottomed out at just over .001%.<SUP>[ [[Arbor Networks Article #References|9]] ]</SUP> While the numbers show a rather unsteady but active trend in IPv6 usage, they also show that the overall IPv6 traffic on the internet is nearly negligible regardless of how much support it has in any given country.<br />
<br />
== Internet Readiness ==<br />
[http://go6.net/ipv6-6bone/ 6bone], the IPv6 testbed, has finished all of its testing for IPv6. While this finished some time ago, it is a recent transgression given the timeline of IPv6. This puts the "functional age" of IPv6 at around 6 years, as opposed to the nearly 15 year lifespan of the project thus far. The facts that IPv6 internet traffic is near nonexistant and international support is scarce does not mean that IPv6 is being ignored. Many significant online initiatives have taken place over the last few years that will ensure rapid IPv6 support, whenever that may occur. China, for example, gave extensive coverage of the 2008 Beijing Olympics over IPv6, and many neighbouring Asian countries took similar initiatives.<SUP>[ [[CIO Article|11]] ]</SUP> The European Union has also called for 25% of its subsidiaries to switch to IPv6 by 2010.<SUP>[ [[The Register #References|12]] ]</SUP> This will not only increase IPv6 traffic considerably, it will also potentially boost the appeal for making the switch. All US Federal Goverment agencies are already IPv6 compliant, meaning the eventual transition will be seemless to their operations.<SUP>[ [[FederalTimes.com|13]] ]</SUP> Comcast Telecommunications also recently made all of their internal network IPv6. The resouding feeling is that IPv6's current cold reception is not as significant as potential for smooth transition.<SUP>[ [[Comcast|14]] ]</SUP><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
# Deering, S. and Hinden, R. RFC 2460, Internet Protocol, Version 6 (IPv6). The Internet Society, 1998.<br />
# Das, Kaushik. IPv6 and the 2008 Beijing Olympics. http://www.ipv6.com/articles/general/IPv6-Olympics-2008.htm<br />
# Huston, Geoff. IPv4 Address Report. http://www.potaroo.net/tools/ipv4/index.html<br />
# Harris, Mark. Waiting for the Internet Meltdown. The Sunday Times, July 6, 2008. http://technology.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/tech_and_web/the_web/article4271879.ece<br />
# Gunderson, S.H. Global IPv6 Statistics. Google. http://rosie.ripe.net/ripe/meetings/ripe-57/presentations/uploads/Thursday/Plenary%2014:00/upl/Colitti-Global_IPv6_statistics_-_Measuring_the_current_state_of_IPv6_for_ordinary_users_.7gzD.pdf<br />
# Market Share by Net Applications, http://marketshare.hitslink.com/report.aspx?qprid=10&qpmr=24&qpdt=1&qpct=3&qpcal=1&qptimeframe=M&qpsp=120&qpnp=1<br />
# Gallagher, Michael P. IPv6 Economic Impact Assessment. US Dept. of Commerce, 2005. http://www.nist.gov/director/prog-ofc/report05-2.pdf<br />
# ICANN Security and Stability. Survey of IPv6 Support in Commercial Firewalls. ICANN, 2007. http://www.icann.org/en/committees/security/sac021.pdf<br />
# Labovitz, Craig. The End is Near, but is IPv6? Arbor Security Networks, 2008. http://asert.arbornetworks.com/2008/08/the-end-is-near-but-is-ipv6/<br />
# Huston, Geoff and Michaelson, George. Measuring IPv6 Deployment. 2008. http://www.potaroo.net/presentations/2008-06-18-ipv6-deployment.pdf<br />
# Worthen, Ben. Internet Strategy: China's Next Generation Internet. CIO, 2006. http://www.cio.com/article/22985/Internet_Strategy_China_s_Next_Generation_Internet_?page=1<br />
# Williams, Chris. EU sets ambitious IPv6 target. The Register, 2008. http://www.theregister.co.uk/2008/05/27/eu_reding_ipv6/<br />
# Castelli, Elise. Agencies ready for next-generation Internet, OMB reports. The Federal Times, 2008. http://federaltimes.com/index.php?S=3607993<br />
# Durand, Alain. IPv6 @ Comcast. Comcast. http://www.ripe.net/ripe/meetings/ripe-54/presentations/IPv6_management.pdf<br />
# Berstein, D.J. The IPv6 Mess. http://cr.yp.to/djbdns/ipv6mess.html<br />
# Heidemann, John et al. Exploring Visible Internet Hosts through Census and Survey. USC/ISI. http://www.isi.edu/~johnh/PAPERS/Heidemann07c.pdf<br />
# Bush, Randy et al. Imminent Collapse of the Internet. http://ran.psg.com/~randy/011004.ripe.pdf<br />
<br />
== External Links ==<br />
(External Links)<BR><br />
* [http://inetcore.com/project/ipv4ec/index_en.html IPv4 Exhaustion Counter]<br />
* [http://www.arbornetworks.com/IPv6research IPv6 Usage Report]<br />
* [http://www.sixxs.net/misc/coolstuff/ Cool Stuff for IPv6 Only]<br />
== See Also ==<br />
[[The Future of the Internet: IPv6]]<BR><br />
[[Internet Protocol]]<BR><br />
[[SSH Tunneling]]<BR><br />
[[Virtual Private Networks]]<BR><br />
[[Internet Control Message Protocol]]</div>Rosolamhttp://wiki.cas.mcmaster.ca/index.php/The_practicality_of_IPv6The practicality of IPv62009-04-12T23:49:18Z<p>Rosolam: </p>
<hr />
<div>[http://www.cas.mcmaster.ca/wiki/index.php/The_Future_of_the_Internet:_IPv6 '''IPv6'''] is an Internet Layer protocol that was created to succeed the currently-used IPv4 (which will eventually need replacing). The official specification of IPv6 was released in December of 1998,<SUP>[ [[IPv6 Specification #References|1]] ]</SUP> and after a decade it still has not become a fully-adopted Internet Protocol. While recent efforts have increased IPv6's overall internet-wide penetration,<SUP>[ [[IPv6 at the Beijing Olympics #References|2]] ]</SUP> IPv4 is still the dominant protocol by a vast margin. There are several issues concerning the feasibility of the overall adoption if IPv6, resulting in some doubting the very need for a completely new protocol. There is much more to the protocol than simply adding or replacing a certain piece of hardware or software, and this has lead to the situation where potential future adopters are reluctant to use the protocol, unable to see how IPv6's advantages offset its high costs; this is especially relevant for potential adopters who do not see themselves requiring more IP addresses than they already have.<br />
<br />
<BR><BR>How to reference: <SUP>[ [[Name of Section #References|1]] ]</SUP> <BR><br />
<br />
== IPv4 Address Exhaustion ==<br />
The concept of IPv4 address exhaustion is quite simple: eventually, the internet will run out of unallocated IPv4 addresses. While the exact day for IPv4 exhaustion has not been globally established, most reports indicate that it will happen in the year 2011. The Asia-Pacific Network Information Centre believes the date of IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority) address exhaustion to be June 16th 2011<SUP>[ [[Exhaustion Date #References|3]] ]</SUP> while the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) believes this date will land in early 2011. <SUP>[ [[Waiting for the Internet Meltdown|4]] ]</SUP> <br><br><br />
There are several other factors contributing to the exhausting. The most significant one is also the most recent; internet-ready cellular phones can also play a significant role, especially considering the fact that these devices are common. Ununsed IPv4 addresses are also becoming more difficult to reclaim due to the advent of broadband internet; an internet method that, unlike dialup, is typically always on. Also, the potential for inefficient address use during IPv4's early days may also have caused exhaustion to occur sooner.<br />
<br />
== IPv6 Adoption ==<br />
There are many issues and intricacies surrounding the adoption of IPv6. While the numbers may be considered underwhelming, the IPv6 adoption statistics may provide a perspective of what countries or platforms could be considered the most progressive in this regard.<br />
<br />
=== Worldwide Breakdown ===<br />
According to a Google study<SUP>[ [[Google Study #References|5]] ]</SUP>, no more than 1% of the internet traffic from 'any' country worldwide uses IPv6. Russia has the most IPv6 traffic with .76%. China, at .24%, would be argued to have more overall IPv6 volume than any other country, but in proportion its IPv6 adoption rate is still significantly smaller than some other countries. The charts below <SUP>[ [[Google Study #References|5]] ]</SUP> give a more detailed breakdown of what the most IPv6-friendly nations are. While some countries have serveral times the amount of IPv6 traffic per capita, the overall amount of traffic (in proportion or overall) compared to IPv4 is miniscule.<br />
[[Image:IPv6Country.jpg|frame|center|Figure 1: Worldwide IPv6 Demographics<SUP>[5]</SUP>]]<br />
<br />
=== Platform-wide Breakdown ===<br />
[[Image:IPv6OS.jpg|frame|right|Figure 2: Platform-wide IPv6 Usage<SUP>[5]</SUP>]]<br />
The penetration of IPv6 on operating systems is far much more polarized than that of countries; Apple, the leading IPv6 user, has a 2.44% penetration rate, which is over twice that of the second-most IPv6 user, Linux (0.93%). Windows operating systems have the least overall deployment, with older operating systems using IPv6 progressively less. However, like China with respect to worldwide IPv6 usage, the overall IPv6 traffic from Windows may be the most overall, as they do have the most market share by a significant margin.<SUP>[ [[Market Share #References|6]] ]</SUP><br />
<br />
=== Struggles with Adoption ===<br />
There are many issues affecting the deployment of IPv6. Firstly, there is a tremendous financial investment for ISPs to make, which the United States Department of Commerce estimates to be around $25 billion.<SUP>[ [[NIST Document #References|7]] ]</SUP> Also, as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metcalfe%27s_law Metcalfe's Law] implies, the benefits of incremental IPv6 usage increases are small. Also, the internet security community has not been very supportive of the protocol, with less than one in three commercially available firewalls supporting IPv6.<SUP>[ [[ICANN Survey #References|8]] ]</SUP> ISPs may be reluctant to embrace or invest in the new protocol with such a lack of protection, and the incentives for doing so are few.<SUP>[ [[Arbor Networks Article #References|9]] ]</SUP><br />
<br />
== Scrutiny and Criticism of the Protocol ==<br />
That crazy guy.<br />
http://ran.psg.com/~randy/011004.ripe.pdf , slide 22.<br />
<br />
== Usage Statistics ==<br />
The overall internet traffic with IPv6 addresses make up roughly .002% <SUP>[ [[Measuring IPv6 Usage #References|10]] ]</SUP> of the overall traffic on the internet. This number (proportionately to itself) fluxuates significantly. Over a year-long period (between July 2007 and July 2008), IPv6 piqued at just over .008%, while it bottomed out at just over .001%.<SUP>[ [[Arbor Networks Article #References|9]] ]</SUP> While the numbers show a rather unsteady but active trend in IPv6 usage, they also show that the overall IPv6 traffic on the internet is nearly negligible regardless of how much support it has in any given country.<br />
<br />
== Internet Readiness ==<br />
[http://go6.net/ipv6-6bone/ 6bone], the IPv6 testbed, has finished all of its testing for IPv6. While this finished some time ago, it is a recent transgression given the timeline of IPv6. This puts the "functional age" of IPv6 at around 6 years, as opposed to the nearly 15 year lifespan of the project thus far. The facts that IPv6 internet traffic is near nonexistant and international support is scarce does not mean that IPv6 is being ignored. Many significant online initiatives have taken place over the last few years that will ensure rapid IPv6 support, whenever that may occur. China, for example, gave extensive coverage of the 2008 Beijing Olympics over IPv6, and many neighbouring Asian countries took similar initiatives.<SUP>[ [[CIO Article|11]] ]</SUP> The European Union has also called for 25% of its subsidiaries to switch to IPv6 by 2010<SUP>[ [[The Register #References|12]] ]</SUP>. This will not only increase IPv6 traffic considerably, it will also potentially boost the appeal for making the switch. All US Federal Goverment agencies are already IPv6 compliant, meaning the eventual transition will be seemless to their operations.<SUP>[ [[FederalTimes.com|13]] ]</SUP> Comcast Telecommunications also recently made all of their internal network IPv6. The resouding feeling is that IPv6's current cold reception is not as significant as potential for smooth transition.<SUP>[ [[Comcast|14]] ]</SUP><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
# Deering, S. and Hinden, R. RFC 2460, Internet Protocol, Version 6 (IPv6). The Internet Society, 1998.<br />
# Das, Kaushik. IPv6 and the 2008 Beijing Olympics. http://www.ipv6.com/articles/general/IPv6-Olympics-2008.htm<br />
# Huston, Geoff. IPv4 Address Report. http://www.potaroo.net/tools/ipv4/index.html<br />
# Harris, Mark. Waiting for the Internet Meltdown. The Sunday Times, July 6, 2008. http://technology.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/tech_and_web/the_web/article4271879.ece<br />
# Gunderson, S.H. Global IPv6 Statistics. Google. http://rosie.ripe.net/ripe/meetings/ripe-57/presentations/uploads/Thursday/Plenary%2014:00/upl/Colitti-Global_IPv6_statistics_-_Measuring_the_current_state_of_IPv6_for_ordinary_users_.7gzD.pdf<br />
# Market Share by Net Applications, http://marketshare.hitslink.com/report.aspx?qprid=10&qpmr=24&qpdt=1&qpct=3&qpcal=1&qptimeframe=M&qpsp=120&qpnp=1<br />
# Gallagher, Michael P. IPv6 Economic Impact Assessment. US Dept. of Commerce, 2005. http://www.nist.gov/director/prog-ofc/report05-2.pdf<br />
# ICANN Security and Stability. Survey of IPv6 Support in Commercial Firewalls. ICANN, 2007. http://www.icann.org/en/committees/security/sac021.pdf<br />
# Labovitz, Craig. The End is Near, but is IPv6? Arbor Security Networks, 2008. http://asert.arbornetworks.com/2008/08/the-end-is-near-but-is-ipv6/<br />
# Huston, Geoff and Michaelson, George. Measuring IPv6 Deployment. 2008. http://www.potaroo.net/presentations/2008-06-18-ipv6-deployment.pdf<br />
# Worthen, Ben. Internet Strategy: China's Next Generation Internet. CIO, 2006. http://www.cio.com/article/22985/Internet_Strategy_China_s_Next_Generation_Internet_?page=1<br />
# Williams, Chris. EU sets ambitious IPv6 target. The Register, 2008. http://www.theregister.co.uk/2008/05/27/eu_reding_ipv6/<br />
# Castelli, Elise. Agencies ready for next-generation Internet, OMB reports. The Federal Times, 2008. http://federaltimes.com/index.php?S=3607993<br />
# Durand, Alain. IPv6 @ Comcast. Comcast. http://www.ripe.net/ripe/meetings/ripe-54/presentations/IPv6_management.pdf<br />
<br />
== External Links ==<br />
(External Links)<BR><br />
* [http://inetcore.com/project/ipv4ec/index_en.html IPv4 Exhaustion Counter]<br />
* [http://www.arbornetworks.com/IPv6research IPv6 Usage Report]<br />
* [http://www.sixxs.net/misc/coolstuff/ Cool Stuff for IPv6 Only]<br />
== See Also ==<br />
[[The Future of the Internet: IPv6]]<BR><br />
[[Internet Protocol]]<BR><br />
[[SSH Tunneling]]<BR><br />
[[Virtual Private Networks]]<BR><br />
[[Internet Control Message Protocol]]</div>Rosolamhttp://wiki.cas.mcmaster.ca/index.php/The_practicality_of_IPv6The practicality of IPv62009-04-12T23:14:47Z<p>Rosolam: </p>
<hr />
<div>[http://www.cas.mcmaster.ca/wiki/index.php/The_Future_of_the_Internet:_IPv6 '''IPv6'''] is an Internet Layer protocol that was created to succeed the currently-used IPv4 (which will eventually need replacing). The official specification of IPv6 was released in December of 1998,<SUP>[ [[IPv6 Specification #References|1]] ]</SUP> and after a decade it still has not become a fully-adopted Internet Protocol. While recent efforts have increased IPv6's overall internet-wide penetration,<SUP>[ [[IPv6 at the Beijing Olympics #References|2]] ]</SUP> IPv4 is still the dominant protocol by a vast margin. There are several issues concerning the feasibility of the overall adoption if IPv6, resulting in some doubting the very need for a completely new protocol. There is much more to the protocol than simply adding or replacing a certain piece of hardware or software, and this has lead to the situation where potential future adopters are reluctant to use the protocol, unable to see how IPv6's advantages offset its high costs; this is especially relevant for potential adopters who do not see themselves requiring more IP addresses than they already have.<br />
<br />
<BR><BR>How to reference: <SUP>[ [[Name of Section #References|1]] ]</SUP> <BR><br />
<br />
== IPv4 Address Exhaustion ==<br />
The concept of IPv4 address exhaustion is quite simple: eventually, the internet will run out of unallocated IPv4 addresses. While the exact day for IPv4 exhaustion has not been globally established, most reports indicate that it will happen in the year 2011. The Asia-Pacific Network Information Centre believes the date of IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority) address exhaustion to be June 16th 2011<SUP>[ [[Exhaustion Date #References|3]] ]</SUP> while the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) believes this date will land in early 2011. <SUP>[ [[Waiting for the Internet Meltdown|4]] ]</SUP> <br><br><br />
There are several other factors contributing to the exhausting. The most significant one is also the most recent; internet-ready cellular phones can also play a significant role, especially considering the fact that these devices are common. Ununsed IPv4 addresses are also becoming more difficult to reclaim due to the advent of broadband internet; an internet method that, unlike dialup, is typically always on. Also, the potential for inefficient address use during IPv4's early days may also have caused exhaustion to occur sooner.<br />
<br />
== IPv6 Adoption ==<br />
There are many issues and intricacies surrounding the adoption of IPv6. While the numbers may be considered underwhelming, the IPv6 adoption statistics may provide a perspective of what countries or platforms could be considered the most progressive in this regard.<br />
<br />
=== Worldwide Breakdown ===<br />
According to a Google study<SUP>[ [[Google Study #References|5]] ]</SUP>, no more than 1% of the internet traffic from 'any' country worldwide uses IPv6. Russia has the most IPv6 traffic with .76%. China, at .24%, would be argued to have more overall IPv6 volume than any other country, but in proportion its IPv6 adoption rate is still significantly smaller than some other countries. The charts below <SUP>[ [[Google Study #References|5]] ]</SUP> give a more detailed breakdown of what the most IPv6-friendly nations are. While some countries have serveral times the amount of IPv6 traffic per capita, the overall amount of traffic (in proportion or overall) compared to IPv4 is miniscule.<br />
[[Image:IPv6Country.jpg|frame|center|Figure 1: Worldwide IPv6 Demographics<SUP>[5]</SUP>]]<br />
<br />
=== Platform-wide Breakdown ===<br />
[[Image:IPv6OS.jpg|frame|right|Figure 2: Platform-wide IPv6 Usage<SUP>[5]</SUP>]]<br />
The penetration of IPv6 on operating systems is far much more polarized than that of countries; Apple, the leading IPv6 user, has a 2.44% penetration rate, which is over twice that of the second-most IPv6 user, Linux (0.93%). Windows operating systems have the least overall deployment, with older operating systems using IPv6 progressively less. However, like China with respect to worldwide IPv6 usage, the overall IPv6 traffic from Windows may be the most overall, as they do have the most market share by a significant margin.<SUP>[ [[Market Share #References|6]] ]</SUP><br />
<br />
=== Struggles with Adoption ===<br />
There are many issues affecting the deployment of IPv6. Firstly, there is a tremendous financial investment for ISPs to make, which the United States Department of Commerce estimates to be around $25 billion.<SUP>[ [[NIST Document #References|7]] ]</SUP> Also, as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metcalfe%27s_law Metcalfe's Law] implies, the benefits of incremental IPv6 usage increases are small. Also, the internet security community has not been very supportive of the protocol, with less than one in three commercially available firewalls supporting IPv6.<SUP>[ [[ICANN Survey #References|8]] ]</SUP> ISPs may be reluctant to embrace or invest in the new protocol with such a lack of protection, and the incentives for doing so are few.<SUP>[ [[Arbor Networks Article #References|9]] ]</SUP><br />
<br />
== Usage Statistics ==<br />
The overall internet traffic with IPv6 addresses make up roughly .002% <SUP>[ [[Measuring IPv6 Usage #References|10]] ]</SUP> of the overall traffic on the internet. This number (proportionately to itself) fluxuates significantly. Over a year-long period (between July 2007 and July 2008), IPv6 piqued at just over .008%, while it bottomed out at just over .001%.<SUP>[ [[Arbor Networks Article #References|9]] ]</SUP> <br />
<br />
== Internet Readiness ==<br />
Talk about 6bone, Beijing, US Gov't, etc<br />
<br />
== Scrutiny and Criticism of the Protocol ==<br />
That crazy guy.<br />
http://ran.psg.com/~randy/011004.ripe.pdf , slide 22.<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
# Deering, S. and Hinden, R. RFC 2460, Internet Protocol, Version 6 (IPv6). The Internet Society, 1998.<br />
# Das, Kaushik. IPv6 and the 2008 Beijing Olympics. http://www.ipv6.com/articles/general/IPv6-Olympics-2008.htm<br />
# Huston, Geoff. IPv4 Address Report. http://www.potaroo.net/tools/ipv4/index.html<br />
# Harris, Mark. Waiting for the Internet Meltdown. The Sunday Times, July 6, 2008. http://technology.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/tech_and_web/the_web/article4271879.ece<br />
# Gunderson, S.H. Global IPv6 Statistics. Google. http://rosie.ripe.net/ripe/meetings/ripe-57/presentations/uploads/Thursday/Plenary%2014:00/upl/Colitti-Global_IPv6_statistics_-_Measuring_the_current_state_of_IPv6_for_ordinary_users_.7gzD.pdf<br />
# Market Share by Net Applications, http://marketshare.hitslink.com/report.aspx?qprid=10&qpmr=24&qpdt=1&qpct=3&qpcal=1&qptimeframe=M&qpsp=120&qpnp=1<br />
# Gallagher, Michael P. IPv6 Economic Impact Assessment. US Dept. of Commerce, 2005. http://www.nist.gov/director/prog-ofc/report05-2.pdf<br />
# ICANN Security and Stability. Survey of IPv6 Support in Commercial Firewalls. ICANN, 2007. http://www.icann.org/en/committees/security/sac021.pdf<br />
# Labovitz, Craig. The End is Near, but is IPv6? Arbor Security Networks, 2008. http://asert.arbornetworks.com/2008/08/the-end-is-near-but-is-ipv6/<br />
# Huston, Geoff and Michaelson, George. Measuring IPv6 Deployment. 2008. http://www.potaroo.net/presentations/2008-06-18-ipv6-deployment.pdf<br />
<br />
== External Links ==<br />
(External Links)<BR><br />
* [http://inetcore.com/project/ipv4ec/index_en.html IPv4 Exhaustion Counter]<br />
* [http://www.arbornetworks.com/IPv6research IPv6 Usage Report]<br />
* [http://www.sixxs.net/misc/coolstuff/ Cool Stuff for IPv6 Only]<br />
== See Also ==<br />
[[The Future of the Internet: IPv6]]<BR><br />
[[Internet Protocol]]<BR><br />
[[SSH Tunneling]]<BR><br />
[[Virtual Private Networks]]<BR><br />
[[Internet Control Message Protocol]]</div>Rosolamhttp://wiki.cas.mcmaster.ca/index.php/The_practicality_of_IPv6The practicality of IPv62009-04-12T22:56:48Z<p>Rosolam: </p>
<hr />
<div>[http://www.cas.mcmaster.ca/wiki/index.php/The_Future_of_the_Internet:_IPv6 '''IPv6'''] is an Internet Layer protocol that was created to succeed the currently-used IPv4 (which will eventually need replacing). The official specification of IPv6 was released in December of 1998,<SUP>[ [[IPv6 Specification #References|1]] ]</SUP> and after a decade it still has not become a fully-adopted Internet Protocol. While recent efforts have increased IPv6's overall internet-wide penetration,<SUP>[ [[IPv6 at the Beijing Olympics #References|2]] ]</SUP> IPv4 is still the dominant protocol by a vast margin. There are several issues concerning the feasibility of the overall adoption if IPv6, resulting in some doubting the very need for a completely new protocol. There is much more to the protocol than simply adding or replacing a certain piece of hardware or software, and this has lead to the situation where potential future adopters are reluctant to use the protocol, unable to see how IPv6's advantages offset its high costs; this is especially relevant for potential adopters who do not see themselves requiring more IP addresses than they already have.<br />
<br />
<BR><BR>How to reference: <SUP>[ [[Name of Section #References|1]] ]</SUP> <BR><br />
<br />
== IPv4 Address Exhaustion ==<br />
The concept of IPv4 address exhaustion is quite simple: eventually, the internet will run out of unallocated IPv4 addresses. While the exact day for IPv4 exhaustion has not been globally established, most reports indicate that it will happen in the year 2011. The Asia-Pacific Network Information Centre believes the date of IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority) address exhaustion to be June 16th 2011<SUP>[ [[Exhaustion Date #References|3]] ]</SUP> while the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) believes this date will land in early 2011. <SUP>[ [[Waiting for the Internet Meltdown|4]] ]</SUP> <br><br><br />
There are several other factors contributing to the exhausting. The most significant one is also the most recent; internet-ready cellular phones can also play a significant role, especially considering the fact that these devices are common. Ununsed IPv4 addresses are also becoming more difficult to reclaim due to the advent of broadband internet; an internet method that, unlike dialup, is typically always on. Also, the potential for inefficient address use during IPv4's early days may also have caused exhaustion to occur sooner.<br />
<br />
== IPv6 Adoption ==<br />
There are many issues and intricacies surrounding the adoption of IPv6. While the numbers may be considered underwhelming, the IPv6 adoption statistics may provide a perspective of what countries or platforms could be considered the most progressive in this regard.<br />
<br />
=== Worldwide Breakdown ===<br />
According to a Google study<SUP>[ [[Google Study #References|5]] ]</SUP>, no more than 1% of the internet traffic from 'any' country worldwide uses IPv6. Russia has the most IPv6 traffic with .76%. China, at .24%, would be argued to have more overall IPv6 volume than any other country, but in proportion its IPv6 adoption rate is still significantly smaller than some other countries. The charts below <SUP>[ [[Google Study #References|5]] ]</SUP> give a more detailed breakdown of what the most IPv6-friendly nations are. While some countries have serveral times the amount of IPv6 traffic per capita, the overall amount of traffic (in proportion or overall) compared to IPv4 is miniscule.<br />
[[Image:IPv6Country.jpg|frame|center|Figure 1: Worldwide IPv6 Demographics<SUP>[5]</SUP>]]<br />
<br />
=== Platform-wide Breakdown ===<br />
[[Image:IPv6OS.jpg|frame|right|Figure 2: Platform-wide IPv6 Usage<SUP>[5]</SUP>]]<br />
The penetration of IPv6 on operating systems is far much more polarized than that of countries; Apple, the leading IPv6 user, has a 2.44% penetration rate, which is over twice that of the second-most IPv6 user, Linux (0.93%). Windows operating systems have the least overall deployment, with older operating systems using IPv6 progressively less. However, like China with respect to worldwide IPv6 usage, the overall IPv6 traffic from Windows may be the most overall, as they do have the most market share by a significant margin.<SUP>[ [[Market Share #References|6]] ]</SUP><br />
<br />
=== Struggles with Adoption ===<br />
There are many issues affecting the deployment of IPv6. Firstly, there is a tremendous financial investment for ISPs to make, which the United States Department of Commerce estimates to be around $25 billion.<SUP>[ [[NIST Document #References|7]] ]</SUP> Also, as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metcalfe%27s_law Metcalfe's Law] implies, the benefits of incremental IPv6 usage increases are small. Also, the internet security community has not been very supportive of the protocol, with less than one in three commercially available firewalls supporting IPv6.<SUP>[ [[ICANN Survey #References|8]] ]</SUP> ISPs may be reluctant to embrace or invest in the new protocol with such a lack of protection, and the incentives for doing so are few.<br />
<br />
== Usage Statistics ==<br />
From that main article<br />
<br />
== Internet Readiness ==<br />
Talk about 6bone, Beijing, US Gov't, etc<br />
<br />
== Scrutiny and Criticism of the Protocol ==<br />
That crazy guy.<br />
http://ran.psg.com/~randy/011004.ripe.pdf , slide 22.<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
# Deering, S. and Hinden, R. RFC 2460, Internet Protocol, Version 6 (IPv6). The Internet Society, 1998.<br />
# Das, Kaushik. IPv6 and the 2008 Beijing Olympics. http://www.ipv6.com/articles/general/IPv6-Olympics-2008.htm<br />
# Huston, Geoff. IPv4 Address Report. http://www.potaroo.net/tools/ipv4/index.html<br />
# Harris, Mark. Waiting for the Internet Meltdown. The Sunday Times, July 6, 2008. http://technology.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/tech_and_web/the_web/article4271879.ece<br />
# Gunderson, S.H. Global IPv6 Statistics. Google. http://rosie.ripe.net/ripe/meetings/ripe-57/presentations/uploads/Thursday/Plenary%2014:00/upl/Colitti-Global_IPv6_statistics_-_Measuring_the_current_state_of_IPv6_for_ordinary_users_.7gzD.pdf<br />
# Market Share by Net Applications, http://marketshare.hitslink.com/report.aspx?qprid=10&qpmr=24&qpdt=1&qpct=3&qpcal=1&qptimeframe=M&qpsp=120&qpnp=1<br />
# Gallagher, Michael P. IPv6 Economic Impact Assessment. US Dept. of Commerce, 2005. http://www.nist.gov/director/prog-ofc/report05-2.pdf<br />
# ICANN Security and Stability. Survey of IPv6 Support in Commercial Firewalls. ICANN, 2007. http://www.icann.org/en/committees/security/sac021.pdf<br />
# Labovitz, Craig. The End is Near, but is IPv6? Arbor Security Networks, 2008. http://asert.arbornetworks.com/2008/08/the-end-is-near-but-is-ipv6/<br />
<br />
<br />
== External Links ==<br />
(External Links)<BR><br />
* [http://inetcore.com/project/ipv4ec/index_en.html IPv4 Exhaustion Counter]<br />
* [http://www.arbornetworks.com/IPv6research IPv6 Usage Report]<br />
* [http://www.sixxs.net/misc/coolstuff/ Cool Stuff for IPv6 Only]<br />
== See Also ==<br />
[[The Future of the Internet: IPv6]]<BR><br />
[[Internet Protocol]]<BR><br />
[[SSH Tunneling]]<BR><br />
[[Virtual Private Networks]]<BR><br />
[[Internet Control Message Protocol]]</div>Rosolamhttp://wiki.cas.mcmaster.ca/index.php/The_practicality_of_IPv6The practicality of IPv62009-04-12T22:49:09Z<p>Rosolam: </p>
<hr />
<div>[http://www.cas.mcmaster.ca/wiki/index.php/The_Future_of_the_Internet:_IPv6 '''IPv6'''] is an Internet Layer protocol that was created to succeed the currently-used IPv4 (which will eventually need replacing). The official specification of IPv6 was released in December of 1998,<SUP>[ [[IPv6 Specification #References|1]] ]</SUP> and after a decade it still has not become a fully-adopted Internet Protocol. While recent efforts have increased IPv6's overall internet-wide penetration,<SUP>[ [[IPv6 at the Beijing Olympics #References|2]] ]</SUP> IPv4 is still the dominant protocol by a vast margin. There are several issues concerning the feasibility of the overall adoption if IPv6, resulting in some doubting the very need for a completely new protocol. There is much more to the protocol than simply adding or replacing a certain piece of hardware or software, and this has lead to the situation where potential future adopters are reluctant to use the protocol, unable to see how IPv6's advantages offset its high costs; this is especially relevant for potential adopters who do not see themselves requiring more IP addresses than they already have.<br />
<br />
<BR><BR>How to reference: <SUP>[ [[Name of Section #References|1]] ]</SUP> <BR><br />
<br />
== IPv4 Address Exhaustion ==<br />
The concept of IPv4 address exhaustion is quite simple: eventually, the internet will run out of unallocated IPv4 addresses. While the exact day for IPv4 exhaustion has not been globally established, most reports indicate that it will happen in the year 2011. The Asia-Pacific Network Information Centre believes the date of IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority) address exhaustion to be June 16th 2011<SUP>[ [[Exhaustion Date #References|3]] ]</SUP> while the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) believes this date will land in early 2011. <SUP>[ [[Waiting for the Internet Meltdown|4]] ]</SUP> <br><br><br />
There are several other factors contributing to the exhausting. The most significant one is also the most recent; internet-ready cellular phones can also play a significant role, especially considering the fact that these devices are common. Ununsed IPv4 addresses are also becoming more difficult to reclaim due to the advent of broadband internet; an internet method that, unlike dialup, is typically always on. Also, the potential for inefficient address use during IPv4's early days may also have caused exhaustion to occur sooner.<br />
<br />
== IPv6 Adoption ==<br />
There are many issues and intricacies surrounding the adoption of IPv6. While the numbers may be considered underwhelming, the IPv6 adoption statistics may provide a perspective of what countries or platforms could be considered the most progressive in this regard.<br />
<br />
=== Worldwide Breakdown ===<br />
According to a Google study<SUP>[ [[Google Study #References|5]] ]</SUP>, no more than 1% of the internet traffic from 'any' country worldwide uses IPv6. Russia has the most IPv6 traffic with .76%. China, at .24%, would be argued to have more overall IPv6 volume than any other country, but in proportion its IPv6 adoption rate is still significantly smaller than some other countries. The charts below <SUP>[ [[Google Study #References|5]] ]</SUP> give a more detailed breakdown of what the most IPv6-friendly nations are. While some countries have serveral times the amount of IPv6 traffic per capita, the overall amount of traffic (in proportion or overall) compared to IPv4 is miniscule.<br />
[[Image:IPv6Country.jpg|frame|center|Figure 1: Worldwide IPv6 Demographics<SUP>[5]</SUP>]]<br />
<br />
=== Platform-wide Breakdown ===<br />
[[Image:IPv6OS.jpg|frame|right|Figure 2: Platform-wide IPv6 Usage<SUP>[5]</SUP>]]<br />
The penetration of IPv6 on operating systems is far much more polarized than that of countries; Apple, the leading IPv6 user, has a 2.44% penetration rate, which is over twice that of the second-most IPv6 user, Linux (0.93%). Windows operating systems have the least overall deployment, with older operating systems using IPv6 progressively less. However, like China with respect to worldwide IPv6 usage, the overall IPv6 traffic from Windows may be the most overall, as they do have the most market share by a significant margin.<SUP>[ [[Market Share #References|6]] ]</SUP><br />
<br />
=== Struggles with Adoption ===<br />
There are many issues affecting the deployment of IPv6. Firstly, there is a tremendous financial investment to be made, which the United States Department of Commerce estimates to be around $25 billion.<SUP>[ [[NIST Document #References|7]] ]</SUP> Also, as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metcalfe%27s_law Metcalfe's Law] implies, the benefits of incremental IPv6 usage increases are small. The internet security community has not been very supportive of the protocol, with less than one in three commercially available firewalls supporting IPv6.<SUP>[ [[ICANN Survey #References|8]] ]</SUP> <br />
<br />
== Usage Statistics ==<br />
From that main article<br />
<br />
== Internet Readiness ==<br />
Talk about 6bone, Beijing, US Gov't, etc<br />
<br />
== Scrutiny and Criticism of the Protocol ==<br />
That crazy guy.<br />
http://ran.psg.com/~randy/011004.ripe.pdf , slide 22.<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
# Deering, S. and Hinden, R. RFC 2460, Internet Protocol, Version 6 (IPv6). The Internet Society, 1998.<br />
# Das, Kaushik. IPv6 and the 2008 Beijing Olympics. http://www.ipv6.com/articles/general/IPv6-Olympics-2008.htm<br />
# Huston, Geoff. IPv4 Address Report. http://www.potaroo.net/tools/ipv4/index.html<br />
# Harris, Mark. Waiting for the Internet Meltdown. The Sunday Times, July 6, 2008. http://technology.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/tech_and_web/the_web/article4271879.ece<br />
# Gunderson, S.H. Global IPv6 Statistics. Google. http://rosie.ripe.net/ripe/meetings/ripe-57/presentations/uploads/Thursday/Plenary%2014:00/upl/Colitti-Global_IPv6_statistics_-_Measuring_the_current_state_of_IPv6_for_ordinary_users_.7gzD.pdf<br />
# Market Share by Net Applications, http://marketshare.hitslink.com/report.aspx?qprid=10&qpmr=24&qpdt=1&qpct=3&qpcal=1&qptimeframe=M&qpsp=120&qpnp=1<br />
# Gallagher, Michael P. IPv6 Economic Impact Assessment. US Dept. of Commerce, 2005. http://www.nist.gov/director/prog-ofc/report05-2.pdf<br />
# ICANN Security and Stability. Survey of IPv6 Support in Commercial Firewalls. ICANN, 2007. http://www.icann.org/en/committees/security/sac021.pdf<br />
<br />
<br />
== External Links ==<br />
(External Links)<BR><br />
* [http://inetcore.com/project/ipv4ec/index_en.html IPv4 Exhaustion Counter]<br />
* [http://www.arbornetworks.com/IPv6research IPv6 Usage Report]<br />
* [http://www.sixxs.net/misc/coolstuff/ Cool Stuff for IPv6 Only]<br />
== See Also ==<br />
[[The Future of the Internet: IPv6]]<BR><br />
[[Internet Protocol]]<BR><br />
[[SSH Tunneling]]<BR><br />
[[Virtual Private Networks]]<BR><br />
[[Internet Control Message Protocol]]</div>Rosolamhttp://wiki.cas.mcmaster.ca/index.php/The_practicality_of_IPv6The practicality of IPv62009-04-12T22:32:00Z<p>Rosolam: </p>
<hr />
<div>[http://www.cas.mcmaster.ca/wiki/index.php/The_Future_of_the_Internet:_IPv6 '''IPv6'''] is an Internet Layer protocol that was created to succeed the currently-used IPv4 (which will eventually need replacing). The official specification of IPv6 was released in December of 1998,<SUP>[ [[IPv6 Specification #References|1]] ]</SUP> and after a decade it still has not become a fully-adopted Internet Protocol. While recent efforts have increased IPv6's overall internet-wide penetration,<SUP>[ [[IPv6 at the Beijing Olympics #References|2]] ]</SUP> IPv4 is still the dominant protocol by a vast margin. There are several issues concerning the feasibility of the overall adoption if IPv6, resulting in some doubting the very need for a completely new protocol. There is much more to the protocol than simply adding or replacing a certain piece of hardware or software, and this has lead to the situation where potential future adopters are reluctant to use the protocol, unable to see how IPv6's advantages offset its high costs; this is especially relevant for potential adopters who do not see themselves requiring more IP addresses than they already have.<br />
<br />
<BR><BR>How to reference: <SUP>[ [[Name of Section #References|1]] ]</SUP> <BR><br />
<br />
== IPv4 Address Exhaustion ==<br />
The concept of IPv4 address exhaustion is quite simple: eventually, the internet will run out of unallocated IPv4 addresses. While the exact day for IPv4 exhaustion has not been globally established, most reports indicate that it will happen in the year 2011. The Asia-Pacific Network Information Centre believes the date of IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority) address exhaustion to be June 16th 2011<SUP>[ [[Exhaustion Date #References|3]] ]</SUP> while the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) believes this date will land in early 2011. <SUP>[ [[Waiting for the Internet Meltdown|4]] ]</SUP> <br><br><br />
There are several other factors contributing to the exhausting. The most significant one is also the most recent; internet-ready cellular phones can also play a significant role, especially considering the fact that these devices are common. Ununsed IPv4 addresses are also becoming more difficult to reclaim due to the advent of broadband internet; an internet method that, unlike dialup, is typically always on. Also, the potential for inefficient address use during IPv4's early days may also have caused exhaustion to occur sooner.<br />
<br />
== IPv6 Adoption ==<br />
There are many issues and intricacies surrounding the adoption of IPv6. While the numbers may be considered underwhelming, the IPv6 adoption statistics may provide a perspective of what countries or platforms could be considered the most progressive in this regard.<br />
<br />
=== Worldwide Breakdown ===<br />
According to a Google study<SUP>[ [[Google Study #References|5]] ]</SUP>, no more than 1% of the internet traffic from 'any' country worldwide uses IPv6. Russia has the most IPv6 traffic with .76%. China, at .24%, would be argued to have more overall IPv6 volume than any other country, but in proportion its IPv6 adoption rate is still significantly smaller than some other countries. The charts below <SUP>[ [[Google Study #References|5]] ]</SUP> give a more detailed breakdown of what the most IPv6-friendly nations are. While some countries have serveral times the amount of IPv6 traffic per capita, the overall amount of traffic (in proportion or overall) compared to IPv4 is miniscule.<br />
[[Image:IPv6Country.jpg|frame|center|Figure 1: Worldwide IPv6 Demographics<SUP>[5]</SUP>]]<br />
<br />
=== Platform-wide Breakdown ===<br />
[[Image:IPv6OS.jpg|frame|right|Figure 2: Platform-wide IPv6 Usage<SUP>[5]</SUP>]]<br />
The penetration of IPv6 on operating systems is far much more polarized than that of countries; Apple, the leading IPv6 user, has a 2.44% penetration rate, which is over twice that of the second-most IPv6 user, Linux (0.93%). Windows operating systems have the least overall deployment, with older operating systems using IPv6 progressively less. However, like China with respect to worldwide IPv6 usage, the overall IPv6 traffic from Windows may be the most overall, as they do have the most market share by a significant margin.<SUP>[ [[Market Share #References|6]] ]</SUP><br />
<br />
=== Struggles with Adoption ===<br />
There are many issues affecting the deployment of IPv6. Firstly, there is a tremendous financial investment to be made, which the United States Department of Commerce estimates to be around $25 billion.<SUP>[ [[NIST Document #References|7]] ]</SUP><br />
<br />
== Usage Statistics ==<br />
From that main article<br />
<br />
== Internet Readiness ==<br />
Talk about 6bone, Beijing, US Gov't, etc<br />
<br />
== Scrutiny and Criticism of the Protocol ==<br />
That crazy guy.<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
# Deering, S. and Hinden, R. RFC 2460, Internet Protocol, Version 6 (IPv6). The Internet Society, 1998.<br />
# Das, Kaushik. IPv6 and the 2008 Beijing Olympics. http://www.ipv6.com/articles/general/IPv6-Olympics-2008.htm<br />
# Huston, Geoff. IPv4 Address Report. http://www.potaroo.net/tools/ipv4/index.html<br />
# Harris, Mark. Waiting for the Internet Meltdown. The Sunday Times, July 6, 2008. http://technology.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/tech_and_web/the_web/article4271879.ece<br />
# Gunderson, S.H. Global IPv6 Statistics. Google. http://rosie.ripe.net/ripe/meetings/ripe-57/presentations/uploads/Thursday/Plenary%2014:00/upl/Colitti-Global_IPv6_statistics_-_Measuring_the_current_state_of_IPv6_for_ordinary_users_.7gzD.pdf<br />
# Market Share by Net Applications, http://marketshare.hitslink.com/report.aspx?qprid=10&qpmr=24&qpdt=1&qpct=3&qpcal=1&qptimeframe=M&qpsp=120&qpnp=1<br />
# Gallagher, Michael P. IPv6 Economic Impact Assessment. US Dept. of Commerce, 2005. http://www.nist.gov/director/prog-ofc/report05-2.pdf<br />
#<br />
<br />
<br />
== External Links ==<br />
(External Links)<BR><br />
* [http://inetcore.com/project/ipv4ec/index_en.html IPv4 Exhaustion Counter]<br />
* [http://www.arbornetworks.com/IPv6research IPv6 Usage Report]<br />
== See Also ==<br />
[[The Future of the Internet: IPv6]]<BR><br />
[[Internet Protocol]]<BR><br />
[[SSH Tunneling]]<BR><br />
[[Virtual Private Networks]]<BR><br />
[[Internet Control Message Protocol]]</div>Rosolamhttp://wiki.cas.mcmaster.ca/index.php/The_practicality_of_IPv6The practicality of IPv62009-04-12T22:30:32Z<p>Rosolam: </p>
<hr />
<div>[http://www.cas.mcmaster.ca/wiki/index.php/The_Future_of_the_Internet:_IPv6 '''IPv6'''] is an Internet Layer protocol that was created to succeed the currently-used IPv4 (which will eventually need replacing). The official specification of IPv6 was released in December of 1998,<SUP>[ [[IPv6 Specification #References|1]] ]</SUP> and after a decade it still has not become a fully-adopted Internet Protocol. While recent efforts have increased IPv6's overall internet-wide penetration,<SUP>[ [[IPv6 at the Beijing Olympics #References|2]] ]</SUP> IPv4 is still the dominant protocol by a vast margin. There are several issues concerning the feasibility of the overall adoption if IPv6, resulting in some doubting the very need for a completely new protocol. There is much more to the protocol than simply adding or replacing a certain piece of hardware or software, and this has lead to the situation where potential future adopters are reluctant to use the protocol, unable to see how IPv6's advantages offset its high costs; this is especially relevant for potential adopters who do not see themselves requiring more IP addresses than they already have.<br />
<br />
<BR><BR>How to reference: <SUP>[ [[Name of Section #References|1]] ]</SUP> <BR><br />
<br />
== IPv4 Address Exhaustion ==<br />
The concept of IPv4 address exhaustion is quite simple: eventually, the internet will run out of unallocated IPv4 addresses. While the exact day for IPv4 exhaustion has not been globally established, most reports indicate that it will happen in the year 2011. The Asia-Pacific Network Information Centre believes the date of IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority) address exhaustion to be June 16th 2011<SUP>[ [[Exhaustion Date #References|3]] ]</SUP> while the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) believes this date will land in early 2011. <SUP>[ [[Waiting for the Internet Meltdown|4]] ]</SUP> <br><br><br />
There are several other factors contributing to the exhausting. The most significant one is also the most recent; internet-ready cellular phones can also play a significant role, especially considering the fact that these devices are common. Ununsed IPv4 addresses are also becoming more difficult to reclaim due to the advent of broadband internet; an internet method that, unlike dialup, is typically always on. Also, the potential for inefficient address use during IPv4's early days may also have caused exhaustion to occur sooner.<br />
<br />
== IPv6 Adoption ==<br />
There are many issues and intricacies surrounding the adoption of IPv6. While the numbers may be considered underwhelming, the IPv6 adoption statistics may provide a perspective of what countries or platforms could be considered the most progressive in this regard.<br />
<br />
=== Worldwide Breakdown ===<br />
According to a Google study<SUP>[ [[Google Study #References|5]] ]</SUP>, no more than 1% of the internet traffic from 'any' country worldwide uses IPv6. Russia has the most IPv6 traffic with .76%. China, at .24%, would be argued to have more overall IPv6 volume than any other country, but in proportion its IPv6 adoption rate is still significantly smaller than some other countries.<br><br />
[[Image:IPv6Country.jpg|frame|center|Figure 1: Worldwide IPv6 Demographics<SUP>[5]</SUP>]]<br><br />
The charts above <SUP>[ [[Google Study #References|5]] ]</SUP> give a more detailed breakdown of what the most IPv6-friendly nations are. While some countries have serveral times the amount of IPv6 traffic per capita, the overall amount of traffic (in proportion or overall) compared to IPv4 is miniscule.<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Platform-wide Breakdown ===<br />
[[Image:IPv6OS.jpg|frame|right|Figure 2: Platform-wide IPv6 Usage<SUP>[5]</SUP>]]<br />
The penetration of IPv6 on operating systems is far much more polarized than that of countries; Apple, the leading IPv6 user, has a 2.44% penetration rate, which is over twice that of the second-most IPv6 user, Linux (0.93%). Windows operating systems have the least overall deployment, with older operating systems using IPv6 progressively less. However, like China with respect to worldwide IPv6 usage, the overall IPv6 traffic from Windows may be the most overall, as they do have the most market share by a significant margin.<SUP>[ [[Market Share #References|6]] ]</SUP><br />
<br />
=== Struggles with Adoption ===<br />
There are many issues affecting the deployment of IPv6. Firstly, there is a tremendous financial investment to be made, which the United States Department of Commerce estimates to be around $25 billion.<SUP>[ [[NIST Document #References|7]] ]</SUP><br />
<br />
== Usage Statistics ==<br />
From that main article<br />
<br />
== Internet Readiness ==<br />
Talk about 6bone, Beijing, US Gov't, etc<br />
<br />
== Scrutiny and Criticism of the Protocol ==<br />
That crazy guy.<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
# Deering, S. and Hinden, R. RFC 2460, Internet Protocol, Version 6 (IPv6). The Internet Society, 1998.<br />
# Das, Kaushik. IPv6 and the 2008 Beijing Olympics. http://www.ipv6.com/articles/general/IPv6-Olympics-2008.htm<br />
# Huston, Geoff. IPv4 Address Report. http://www.potaroo.net/tools/ipv4/index.html<br />
# Harris, Mark. Waiting for the Internet Meltdown. The Sunday Times, July 6, 2008. http://technology.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/tech_and_web/the_web/article4271879.ece<br />
# Gunderson, S.H. Global IPv6 Statistics. Google. http://rosie.ripe.net/ripe/meetings/ripe-57/presentations/uploads/Thursday/Plenary%2014:00/upl/Colitti-Global_IPv6_statistics_-_Measuring_the_current_state_of_IPv6_for_ordinary_users_.7gzD.pdf<br />
# Market Share by Net Applications, http://marketshare.hitslink.com/report.aspx?qprid=10&qpmr=24&qpdt=1&qpct=3&qpcal=1&qptimeframe=M&qpsp=120&qpnp=1<br />
# Gallagher, Michael P. IPv6 Economic Impact Assessment. US Dept. of Commerce, 2005. http://www.nist.gov/director/prog-ofc/report05-2.pdf<br />
#<br />
<br />
<br />
== External Links ==<br />
(External Links)<BR><br />
* [http://inetcore.com/project/ipv4ec/index_en.html IPv4 Exhaustion Counter]<br />
* [http://www.arbornetworks.com/IPv6research IPv6 Usage Report]<br />
== See Also ==<br />
[[The Future of the Internet: IPv6]]<BR><br />
[[Internet Protocol]]<BR><br />
[[SSH Tunneling]]<BR><br />
[[Virtual Private Networks]]<BR><br />
[[Internet Control Message Protocol]]</div>Rosolamhttp://wiki.cas.mcmaster.ca/index.php/File:IPv6Country.jpgFile:IPv6Country.jpg2009-04-12T22:26:45Z<p>Rosolam: A breakdown of IPv6 Penetration rates per country.</p>
<hr />
<div>A breakdown of IPv6 Penetration rates per country.</div>Rosolamhttp://wiki.cas.mcmaster.ca/index.php/The_practicality_of_IPv6The practicality of IPv62009-04-12T21:01:49Z<p>Rosolam: </p>
<hr />
<div>[http://www.cas.mcmaster.ca/wiki/index.php/The_Future_of_the_Internet:_IPv6 '''IPv6'''] is an Internet Layer protocol that was created to succeed the currently-used IPv4 (which will eventually need replacing). The official specification of IPv6 was released in December of 1998,<SUP>[ [[IPv6 Specification #References|1]] ]</SUP> and after a decade it still has not become a fully-adopted Internet Protocol. While recent efforts have increased IPv6's overall internet-wide penetration,<SUP>[ [[IPv6 at the Beijing Olympics #References|2]] ]</SUP> IPv4 is still the dominant protocol by a vast margin. There are several issues concerning the feasibility of the overall adoption if IPv6, resulting in some doubting the very need for a completely new protocol. There is much more to the protocol than simply adding or replacing a certain piece of hardware or software, and this has lead to the situation where potential future adopters are reluctant to use the protocol, unable to see how IPv6's advantages offset its high costs; this is especially relevant for potential adopters who do not see themselves requiring more IP addresses than they already have.<br />
<br />
<BR><BR>How to reference: <SUP>[ [[Name of Section #References|1]] ]</SUP> <BR><br />
<br />
== IPv4 Address Exhaustion ==<br />
The concept of IPv4 address exhaustion is quite simple: eventually, the internet will run out of unallocated IPv4 addresses. While the exact day for IPv4 exhaustion has not been globally established, most reports indicate that it will happen in the year 2011. The Asia-Pacific Network Information Centre believes the date of IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority) address exhaustion to be June 16th 2011<SUP>[ [[Exhaustion Date #References|3]] ]</SUP> while the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) believes this date will land in early 2011. <SUP>[ [[Waiting for the Internet Meltdown|4]] ]</SUP> <br><br><br />
There are several other factors contributing to the exhausting. The most significant one is also the most recent; internet-ready cellular phones can also play a significant role, especially considering the fact that these devices are common. Ununsed IPv4 addresses are also becoming more difficult to reclaim due to the advent of broadband internet; an internet method that, unlike dialup, is typically always on. Also, the potential for inefficient address use during IPv4's early days may also have caused exhaustion to occur sooner.<br />
<br />
== IPv6 Adoption ==<br />
There are many issues and intricacies surrounding the adoption of IPv6. While the numbers may be considered underwhelming, the IPv6 adoption statistics may provide a perspective of what countries or platforms could be considered the most progressive in this regard.<br />
<br />
=== Worldwide Breakdown ===<br />
According to a Google study<SUP>[ [[Google Study #References|5]] ]</SUP>, no more than 1% of the internet traffic from 'any' country worldwide uses IPv6. Russia has the most IPv6 traffic with .76%. China, at .24%, would be argued to have more overall IPv6 volume than any other country, but in proportion its IPv6 adoption rate is still significantly smaller than some other countries.<br />
[[Image:IPv6Table.jpg|frame|right|Figure 2: Worldwide IPv6 Usage<SUP>[5]</SUP>]]<br />
[[Image:IPv6Chart.jpg|Figure 1: Worldwide IPv6 Demographics<SUP>[5]</SUP>]]<br><br />
The charts above <SUP>[ [[Google Study #References|5]] ]</SUP> give a more detailed breakdown of what the most IPv6-friendly nations are. While some countries have serveral times the amount of IPv6 traffic per capita, the overall amount of traffic (in proportion or overall) compared to IPv4 is miniscule.<br />
<br />
=== Platform-wide Breakdown ===<br />
[[Image:IPv6OS.jpg|frame|right|Figure 3: Platform-wide IPv6 Usage<SUP>[5]</SUP>]]<br />
The penetration of IPv6 on operating systems is far much more polarized than that of countries; Apple, the leading IPv6 user, has a 2.44% penetration rate, which is over twice that of the second-most IPv6 user, Linux (0.93%). Windows operating systems have the least overall deployment, with older operating systems using IPv6 progressively less. However, like China with respect to worldwide IPv6 usage, the overall IPv6 traffic from Windows may be the most overall, as they do have the most market share by a significant margin.<SUP>[ [[Market Share #References|6]] ]</SUP><br />
<br />
=== Struggles with Adoption ===<br />
Main article, cost, etc<br />
<br />
== Usage Statistics ==<br />
From that main article<br />
<br />
== Internet Readiness ==<br />
Talk about 6bone, Beijing, US Gov't, etc<br />
<br />
== Scrutiny and Criticism of the Protocol ==<br />
That crazy guy.<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
# Deering, S. and Hinden, R. RFC 2460, Internet Protocol, Version 6 (IPv6). The Internet Society, 1998.<br />
# Das, Kaushik. IPv6 and the 2008 Beijing Olympics. http://www.ipv6.com/articles/general/IPv6-Olympics-2008.htm<br />
# Huston, Geoff. IPv4 Address Report. http://www.potaroo.net/tools/ipv4/index.html<br />
# Harris, Mark. Waiting for the Internet Meltdown. The Sunday Times, July 6, 2008. http://technology.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/tech_and_web/the_web/article4271879.ece<br />
# Gunderson, S.H. Global IPv6 Statistics. Google. http://rosie.ripe.net/ripe/meetings/ripe-57/presentations/uploads/Thursday/Plenary%2014:00/upl/Colitti-Global_IPv6_statistics_-_Measuring_the_current_state_of_IPv6_for_ordinary_users_.7gzD.pdf<br />
# Market Share by Net Applications, http://marketshare.hitslink.com/report.aspx?qprid=10&qpmr=24&qpdt=1&qpct=3&qpcal=1&qptimeframe=M&qpsp=120&qpnp=1<br />
<br />
<br />
== External Links ==<br />
(External Links)<BR><br />
* [http://inetcore.com/project/ipv4ec/index_en.html IPv4 Exhaustion Counter]<br />
* [http://www.arbornetworks.com/IPv6research IPv6 Usage Report]<br />
== See Also ==<br />
[[The Future of the Internet: IPv6]]<BR><br />
[[Internet Protocol]]<BR><br />
[[SSH Tunneling]]<BR><br />
[[Virtual Private Networks]]<BR><br />
[[Internet Control Message Protocol]]</div>Rosolamhttp://wiki.cas.mcmaster.ca/index.php/The_practicality_of_IPv6The practicality of IPv62009-04-12T02:19:59Z<p>Rosolam: </p>
<hr />
<div>[http://www.cas.mcmaster.ca/wiki/index.php/The_Future_of_the_Internet:_IPv6 '''IPv6'''] is an Internet Layer protocol that was created to succeed the currently-used IPv4 (which will eventually need replacing). The official specification of IPv6 was released in December of 1998,<SUP>[ [[IPv6 Specification #References|1]] ]</SUP> and after a decade it still has not become a fully-adopted Internet Protocol. While recent efforts have increased IPv6's overall internet-wide penetration,<SUP>[ [[IPv6 at the Beijing Olympics #References|2]] ]</SUP> IPv4 is still the dominant protocol by a vast margin. There are several issues concerning the feasibility of the overall adoption if IPv6, resulting in some doubting the very need for a completely new protocol. There is much more to the protocol than simply adding or replacing a certain piece of hardware or software, and this has lead to the situation where potential future adopters are reluctant to use the protocol, unable to see how IPv6's advantages offset its high costs; this is especially relevant for potential adopters who do not see themselves requiring more IP addresses than they already have.<br />
<br />
<BR><BR>How to reference: <SUP>[ [[Name of Section #References|1]] ]</SUP> <BR><br />
<br />
== IPv4 Address Exhaustion ==<br />
The concept of IPv4 address exhaustion is quite simple: eventually, the internet will run out of unallocated IPv4 addresses. While the exact day for IPv4 exhaustion has not been globally established, most reports indicate that it will happen in the year 2011. The Asia-Pacific Network Information Centre believes the date of IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority) address exhaustion to be June 16th 2011<SUP>[ [[Exhaustion Date #References|3]] ]</SUP> while the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) believes this date will land in early 2011. <SUP>[ [[Waiting for the Internet Meltdown|4]] ]</SUP> <br><br><br />
There are several other factors contributing to the exhausting. The most significant one is also the most recent; internet-ready cellular phones can also play a significant role, especially considering the fact that these devices are common. Ununsed IPv4 addresses are also becoming more difficult to reclaim due to the advent of broadband internet; an internet method that, unlike dialup, is typically always on. Also, the potential for inefficient address use during IPv4's early days may also have caused exhaustion to occur sooner.<br />
<br />
== IPv6 Adoption ==<br />
There are many issues and intricacies surrounding the adoption of IPv6. While the numbers may be considered underwhelming, the IPv6 adoption statistics may provide a perspective of what countries or platforms could be considered the most progressive in this regard.<br />
<br />
=== Worldwide Breakdown ===<br />
According to a Google study<SUP>[ [[Google Study #References|5]] ]</SUP>, no more than 1% of the internet traffic from 'any' country worldwide uses IPv6. Russia has the most IPv6 traffic with .76%. China, at .24%, would be argued to have more overall IPv6 volume than any other country, but in proportion its IPv6 adoption rate is still significantly smaller than some other countries.<br />
[[Image:IPv6Table.jpg|frame|right|Figure 2: Worldwide IPv6 Usage<SUP>[5]</SUP>]]<br />
[[Image:IPv6Chart.jpg|Figure 1: Worldwide IPv6 Demographics<SUP>[5]</SUP>]]<br><br />
The charts above <SUP>[ [[Google Study #References|5]] ]</SUP> give a more detailed breakdown of what the most IPv6-friendly nations are. While some countries have serveral times the amount of IPv6 traffic per capita, the overall amount of traffic (in proportion or overall) compared to IPv4 is miniscule.<br />
<br />
=== Platform-wide Breakdown ===<br />
[[Image:IPv6OS.jpg|frame|right|Figure 3: Platform-wide IPv6 Usage<SUP>[5]</SUP>]]<br />
The penetration of IPv6 on operating systems is far much more polarized than that of countries; Apple, the leading IPv6 user, has a 2.44% penetration rate, which is over twice that of the second-most IPv6 user, Linux (0.93%). Windows operating systems have the least overall deployment, with older operating systems using IPv6 progressively less. However, like China with respect to worldwide IPv6 usage, the overall IPv6 traffic from Windows may be the most overall, as they do have the most market share by a significant margin.<SUP>[ [[Market Share #References|6]] ]</SUP><br />
<br />
=== Struggles with Adoption ===<br />
Main article, cost, etc<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Usage Statistics ==<br />
From that main article<br />
<br />
== Internet Readiness ==<br />
Talk about 6bone, Beijing, US Gov't, etc<br />
<br />
== Scrutiny and Criticism of the Protocol ==<br />
That crazy guy.<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
# Deering, S. and Hinden, R. RFC 2460, Internet Protocol, Version 6 (IPv6). The Internet Society, 1998.<br />
# Das, Kaushik. IPv6 and the 2008 Beijing Olympics. http://www.ipv6.com/articles/general/IPv6-Olympics-2008.htm<br />
# Huston, Geoff. IPv4 Address Report. http://www.potaroo.net/tools/ipv4/index.html<br />
# Harris, Mark. Waiting for the Internet Meltdown. The Sunday Times, July 6, 2008. http://technology.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/tech_and_web/the_web/article4271879.ece<br />
# Gunderson, S.H. Global IPv6 Statistics. Google. http://rosie.ripe.net/ripe/meetings/ripe-57/presentations/uploads/Thursday/Plenary%2014:00/upl/Colitti-Global_IPv6_statistics_-_Measuring_the_current_state_of_IPv6_for_ordinary_users_.7gzD.pdf<br />
# Market Share by Net Applications, http://marketshare.hitslink.com/report.aspx?qprid=10&qpmr=24&qpdt=1&qpct=3&qpcal=1&qptimeframe=M&qpsp=120&qpnp=1<br />
<br />
<br />
== External Links ==<br />
(External Links)<BR><br />
* [http://inetcore.com/project/ipv4ec/index_en.html IPv4 Exhaustion Counter]<br />
<br />
== See Also ==<br />
(Internal Links)<BR><br />
[[The Future of the Internet: IPv6]]<BR></div>Rosolamhttp://wiki.cas.mcmaster.ca/index.php/The_practicality_of_IPv6The practicality of IPv62009-04-12T02:18:21Z<p>Rosolam: </p>
<hr />
<div>[http://www.cas.mcmaster.ca/wiki/index.php/The_Future_of_the_Internet:_IPv6 '''IPv6'''] is an Internet Layer protocol that was created to succeed the currently-used IPv4 (which will eventually need replacing). The official specification of IPv6 was released in December of 1998,<SUP>[ [[IPv6 Specification #References|1]] ]</SUP> and after a decade it still has not become a fully-adopted Internet Protocol. While recent efforts have increased IPv6's overall internet-wide penetration,<SUP>[ [[IPv6 at the Beijing Olympics #References|2]] ]</SUP> IPv4 is still the dominant protocol by a vast margin. There are several issues concerning the feasibility of the overall adoption if IPv6, resulting in some doubting the very need for a completely new protocol. There is much more to the protocol than simply adding or replacing a certain piece of hardware or software, and this has lead to the situation where potential future adopters are reluctant to use the protocol, unable to see how IPv6's advantages offset its high costs; this is especially relevant for potential adopters who do not see themselves requiring more IP addresses than they already have.<br />
<BR><BR>How to reference: <SUP>[ [[Name of Section #References|1]] ]</SUP> <BR><br />
<br />
== IPv4 Address Exhaustion ==<br />
The concept of IPv4 address exhaustion is quite simple: eventually, the internet will run out of unallocated IPv4 addresses. While the exact day for IPv4 exhaustion has not been globally established, most reports indicate that it will happen in the year 2011. The Asia-Pacific Network Information Centre believes the date of IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority) address exhaustion to be June 16th 2011<SUP>[ [[Exhaustion Date #References|3]] ]</SUP> while the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) believes this date will land in early 2011. <SUP>[ [[Waiting for the Internet Meltdown|4]] ]</SUP> <br><br><br />
There are several other factors contributing to the exhausting. The most significant one is also the most recent; internet-ready cellular phones can also play a significant role, especially considering the fact that these devices are common. Ununsed IPv4 addresses are also becoming more difficult to reclaim due to the advent of broadband internet; an internet method that, unlike dialup, is typically always on. Also, the potential for inefficient address use during IPv4's early days may also have caused exhaustion to occur sooner.<br />
<br />
== IPv6 Adoption ==<br />
There are many issues and intricacies surrounding the adoption of IPv6. While the numbers may be considered underwhelming, the IPv6 adoption statistics may provide a perspective of what countries or platforms could be considered the most progressive in this regard.<br />
<br />
=== Worldwide Breakdown ===<br />
According to a Google study<SUP>[ [[Google Study #References|5]] ]</SUP>, no more than 1% of the internet traffic from 'any' country worldwide uses IPv6. Russia has the most IPv6 traffic with .76%. China, at .24%, would be argued to have more overall IPv6 volume than any other country, but in proportion its IPv6 adoption rate is still significantly smaller than some other countries.<br />
[[Image:IPv6Table.jpg|frame|right|Figure 2: Worldwide IPv6 Usage<SUP>[5]</SUP>]]<br />
[[Image:IPv6Chart.jpg|Figure 1: Worldwide IPv6 Demographics<SUP>[5]</SUP>]]<br><br />
The charts above <SUP>[ [[Google Study #References|5]] ]</SUP> give a more detailed breakdown of what the most IPv6-friendly nations are. While some countries have serveral times the amount of IPv6 traffic per capita, the overall amount of traffic (in proportion or overall) compared to IPv4 is miniscule.<br />
<br />
=== Platform-wide Breakdown ===<br />
[[Image:IPv6OS.jpg|frame|right|Figure 3: Platform-wide IPv6 Usage<SUP>[5]</SUP>]]<br />
The penetration of IPv6 on operating systems is far much more polarized than that of countries; Apple, the leading IPv6 user, has a 2.44% penetration rate, which is over twice that of the second-most IPv6 user, Linux (0.93%). Windows operating systems have the least overall deployment, with older operating systems using IPv6 progressively less. However, like China with respect to worldwide IPv6 usage, the overall IPv6 traffic from Windows may be the most overall, as they do have the most market share by a significant margin.<SUP>[ [[Market Share #References|6]] ]</SUP><br />
<br />
=== Struggles with Adoption ===<br />
Main article, cost, etc<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Usage Statistics ==<br />
From that main article<br />
<br />
== Internet Readiness ==<br />
Talk about 6bone, Beijing, US Gov't, etc<br />
<br />
== Scrutiny and Criticism of the Protocol ==<br />
That crazy guy.<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
# Deering, S. and Hinden, R. RFC 2460, Internet Protocol, Version 6 (IPv6). The Internet Society, 1998.<br />
# Das, Kaushik. IPv6 and the 2008 Beijing Olympics. http://www.ipv6.com/articles/general/IPv6-Olympics-2008.htm<br />
# Huston, Geoff. IPv4 Address Report. http://www.potaroo.net/tools/ipv4/index.html<br />
# Harris, Mark. Waiting for the Internet Meltdown. The Sunday Times, July 6, 2008. http://technology.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/tech_and_web/the_web/article4271879.ece<br />
# Gunderson, S.H. Global IPv6 Statistics. Google. http://rosie.ripe.net/ripe/meetings/ripe-57/presentations/uploads/Thursday/Plenary%2014:00/upl/Colitti-Global_IPv6_statistics_-_Measuring_the_current_state_of_IPv6_for_ordinary_users_.7gzD.pdf<br />
# Market Share by Net Applications, http://marketshare.hitslink.com/report.aspx?qprid=10&qpmr=24&qpdt=1&qpct=3&qpcal=1&qptimeframe=M&qpsp=120&qpnp=1<br />
<br />
<br />
== External Links ==<br />
(External Links)<BR><br />
* [http://inetcore.com/project/ipv4ec/index_en.html IPv4 Exhaustion Counter]<br />
<br />
== See Also ==<br />
(Internal Links)<BR><br />
[[The Future of the Internet: IPv6]]<BR></div>Rosolamhttp://wiki.cas.mcmaster.ca/index.php/The_practicality_of_IPv6The practicality of IPv62009-04-12T02:16:06Z<p>Rosolam: </p>
<hr />
<div>[http://www.cas.mcmaster.ca/wiki/index.php/The_Future_of_the_Internet:_IPv6 '''IPv6'''] is an Internet Layer protocol that was created to succeed the currently-used IPv4 (which will eventually need replacing). The official specification of IPv6 was released in December of 1998 <SUP>[ [[IPv6 Specification #References|1]] ]</SUP>, and after a decade it still has not become a fully-adopted Internet Protocol. While recent efforts have increased IPv6's overall internet-wide penetration <SUP>[ [[IPv6 at the Beijing Olympics #References|2]] ]</SUP>, IPv4 is still the dominant protocol by a vast margin. There are several issues concerning the feasibility of the overall adoption if IPv6, resulting in some doubting the very need for a completely new protocol. There is much more to the protocol than simply adding or replacing a certain piece of hardware or software, and this has lead to the situation where potential future adopters are reluctant to use the protocol, unable to see how IPv6's advantages offset its high costs; this is especially relevant for potential adopters who do not see themselves requiring more IP addresses than they already have.<br />
<BR><BR>How to reference: <SUP>[ [[Name of Section #References|1]] ]</SUP> <BR><br />
<br />
== IPv4 Address Exhaustion ==<br />
The concept of IPv4 address exhaustion is quite simple: eventually, the internet will run out of unallocated IPv4 addresses. While the exact day for IPv4 exhaustion has not been globally established, most reports indicate that it will happen in the year 2011. The Asia-Pacific Network Information Centre believes the date of IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority) address exhaustion to be June 16th 2011<SUP>[ [[Exhaustion Date #References|3]] ]</SUP> while the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) believes this date will land in early 2011 <SUP>[ [[Waiting for the Internet Meltdown|4]] ]</SUP>. <br><br><br />
There are several other factors contributing to the exhausting. The most significant one is also the most recent; internet-ready cellular phones can also play a significant role, especially considering the fact that these devices are common. Ununsed IPv4 addresses are also becoming more difficult to reclaim due to the advent of broadband internet; an internet method that, unlike dialup, is typically always on. Also, the potential for inefficient address use during IPv4's early days may also have caused exhaustion to occur sooner.<br />
<br />
== IPv6 Adoption ==<br />
There are many issues and intricacies surrounding the adoption of IPv6. While the numbers may be considered underwhelming, the IPv6 adoption statistics may provide a perspective of what countries or platforms could be considered the most progressive in this regard.<br />
<br />
=== Worldwide Breakdown ===<br />
According to a Google study<SUP>[ [[Google Study #References|5]] ]</SUP>, no more than 1% of the internet traffic from 'any' country worldwide uses IPv6. Russia has the most IPv6 traffic with .76%. China, at .24%, would be argued to have more overall IPv6 volume than any other country, but in proportion its IPv6 adoption rate is still significantly smaller than some other countries.<br />
[[Image:IPv6Table.jpg|frame|right|Figure 2: Worldwide IPv6 Usage<SUP>[5]</SUP>]]<br />
[[Image:IPv6Chart.jpg|Figure 1: Worldwide IPv6 Demographics<SUP>[5]</SUP>]]<br><br />
The charts above <SUP>[ [[Google Study #References|5]] ]</SUP> give a more detailed breakdown of what the most IPv6-friendly nations are. While some countries have serveral times the amount of IPv6 traffic per capita, the overall amount of traffic (in proportion or overall) compared to IPv4 is miniscule.<br />
<br />
=== Platform-wide Breakdown ===<br />
[[Image:IPv6OS.jpg|frame|right|Figure 3: Platform-wide IPv6 Usage<SUP>[5]</SUP>]]<br />
The penetration of IPv6 on operating systems is far much more polarized than that of countries; Apple, the leading IPv6 user, has a 2.44% penetration rate, which is over twice that of the second-most IPv6 user, Linux (0.93%). Windows operating systems have the least overall deployment, with older operating systems using IPv6 progressively less. However, like China with respect to worldwide IPv6 usage, the overall IPv6 traffic from Windows may be the most overall, as they do have the most market share by a significant margin.<SUP>[ [[Market Share #References|6]] ]</SUP><br />
<br />
=== Struggles with Adoption ===<br />
Main article, cost, etc<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Usage Statistics ==<br />
From that main article<br />
<br />
== Internet Readiness ==<br />
Talk about 6bone, Beijing, US Gov't, etc<br />
<br />
== Scrutiny and Criticism of the Protocol ==<br />
That crazy guy.<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
# Deering, S. and Hinden, R. RFC 2460, Internet Protocol, Version 6 (IPv6). The Internet Society, 1998.<br />
# Das, Kaushik. IPv6 and the 2008 Beijing Olympics. http://www.ipv6.com/articles/general/IPv6-Olympics-2008.htm<br />
# Huston, Geoff. IPv4 Address Report. http://www.potaroo.net/tools/ipv4/index.html<br />
# Harris, Mark. Waiting for the Internet Meltdown. The Sunday Times, July 6, 2008. http://technology.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/tech_and_web/the_web/article4271879.ece<br />
# Gunderson, S.H. Global IPv6 Statistics. Google. http://rosie.ripe.net/ripe/meetings/ripe-57/presentations/uploads/Thursday/Plenary%2014:00/upl/Colitti-Global_IPv6_statistics_-_Measuring_the_current_state_of_IPv6_for_ordinary_users_.7gzD.pdf<br />
# Market Share by Net Applications, http://marketshare.hitslink.com/report.aspx?qprid=10&qpmr=24&qpdt=1&qpct=3&qpcal=1&qptimeframe=M&qpsp=120&qpnp=1<br />
<br />
<br />
== External Links ==<br />
(External Links)<BR><br />
* [http://inetcore.com/project/ipv4ec/index_en.html IPv4 Exhaustion Counter]<br />
<br />
== See Also ==<br />
(Internal Links)<BR><br />
[[The Future of the Internet: IPv6]]<BR></div>Rosolamhttp://wiki.cas.mcmaster.ca/index.php/The_practicality_of_IPv6The practicality of IPv62009-04-12T01:52:32Z<p>Rosolam: </p>
<hr />
<div>[http://www.cas.mcmaster.ca/wiki/index.php/The_Future_of_the_Internet:_IPv6 '''IPv6'''] is an Internet Layer protocol that was created to succeed the currently-used IPv4 (which will eventually need replacing). The official specification of IPv6 was released in December of 1998 <SUP>[ [[IPv6 Specification #References|1]] ]</SUP>, and after a decade it still has not become a fully-adopted Internet Protocol. While recent efforts have increased IPv6's overall internet-wide penetration <SUP>[ [[IPv6 at the Beijing Olympics #References|2]] ]</SUP>, IPv4 is still the dominant protocol by a vast margin. There are several issues concerning the feasibility of the overall adoption if IPv6, resulting in some doubting the very need for a completely new protocol. There is much more to the protocol than simply adding or replacing a certain piece of hardware or software, and this has lead to the situation where potential future adopters are reluctant to use the protocol, unable to see how IPv6's advantages offset its high costs; this is especially relevant for potential adopters who do not see themselves requiring more IP addresses than they already have.<br />
<BR><BR>How to reference: <SUP>[ [[Name of Section #References|1]] ]</SUP> <BR><br />
<br />
== IPv4 Address Exhaustion ==<br />
The concept of IPv4 address exhaustion is quite simple: eventually, the internet will run out of unallocated IPv4 addresses. While the exact day for IPv4 exhaustion has not been globally established, most reports indicate that it will happen in the year 2011. The Asia-Pacific Network Information Centre believes the date of IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority) address exhaustion to be June 16th 2001<SUP>[ [[Exhaustion Date #References|3]] ]</SUP> while the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) believes this date will land in early 2011 <SUP>[ [[Waiting for the Internet Meltdown|4]] ]</SUP>. <br><br><br />
There are several other factors contributing to the exhausting. The most significant one is also the most recent; internet-ready cellular phones can also play a significant role, especially considering the fact that these devices are common. Ununsed IPv4 addresses are also becoming more difficult to reclaim due to the advent of broadband internet; an internet method that, unlike dialup, is typically always on. Also, the potential for inefficient address use during IPv4's early days may also have caused exhaustion to occur sooner.<br />
<br />
== IPv6 Adoption ==<br />
There are many issues and intricacies surrounding the adoption of IPv6. While the numbers may be considered underwhelming, the IPv6 adoption statistics may provide a perspective of what countries or platforms could be considered the most progressive in this regard.<br />
<br />
=== Worldwide Breakdown ===<br />
According to a Google study<SUP>[ [[Google Study #References|5]] ]</SUP>, no more than 1% of the internet traffic from 'any' country worldwide uses IPv6. Russia has the most IPv6 traffic with .76%. China, at .24%, would be argued to have more overall IPv6 volume than any other country, but in proportion its IPv6 adoption rate is still significantly smaller than some other countries.<br />
[[Image:IPv6Table.jpg|frame|right|Figure 1: Worldwide IPv6 Usage<SUP>[5]</SUP>]]<br />
[[Image:IPv6Chart.jpg|Figure 2: Worldwide IPv6 Demographics<SUP>[5]</SUP>]]<br />
<br />
=== Platform-wide Breakdown ===<br />
<br />
=== Struggles with Adoption ===<br />
Main article, cost, etc<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Usage Statistics ==<br />
From that main article<br />
<br />
== Internet Readiness ==<br />
Talk about 6bone, Beijing, US Gov't, etc<br />
<br />
== Scrutiny and Criticism of the Protocol ==<br />
That crazy guy.<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
# Deering, S. and Hinden, R. RFC 2460, Internet Protocol, Version 6 (IPv6). The Internet Society, 1998.<br />
# Das, Kaushik. IPv6 and the 2008 Beijing Olympics. http://www.ipv6.com/articles/general/IPv6-Olympics-2008.htm<br />
# Huston, Geoff. IPv4 Address Report. http://www.potaroo.net/tools/ipv4/index.html<br />
# Harris, Mark. Waiting for the Internet Meltdown. The Sunday Times, July 6, 2008. http://technology.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/tech_and_web/the_web/article4271879.ece<br />
# Gunderson, S.H. Global IPv6 Statistics. Google. http://rosie.ripe.net/ripe/meetings/ripe-57/presentations/uploads/Thursday/Plenary%2014:00/upl/Colitti-Global_IPv6_statistics_-_Measuring_the_current_state_of_IPv6_for_ordinary_users_.7gzD.pdf<br />
#<br />
<br />
<br />
== External Links ==<br />
(External Links)<BR><br />
* [http://inetcore.com/project/ipv4ec/index_en.html IPv4 Exhaustion Counter]<br />
<br />
== See Also ==<br />
(Internal Links)<BR><br />
[[The Future of the Internet: IPv6]]<BR></div>Rosolamhttp://wiki.cas.mcmaster.ca/index.php/File:IPv6Chart.jpgFile:IPv6Chart.jpg2009-04-12T01:46:30Z<p>Rosolam: Worldwide IPv6 Graph</p>
<hr />
<div>Worldwide IPv6 Graph</div>Rosolamhttp://wiki.cas.mcmaster.ca/index.php/File:IPv6OS.jpgFile:IPv6OS.jpg2009-04-12T01:45:54Z<p>Rosolam: A list of OS IPv6 adoption rates.</p>
<hr />
<div>A list of OS IPv6 adoption rates.</div>Rosolamhttp://wiki.cas.mcmaster.ca/index.php/File:IPv6Table.jpgFile:IPv6Table.jpg2009-04-12T01:45:13Z<p>Rosolam: A table of the worldwide IPv6 deployment percentages.</p>
<hr />
<div>A table of the worldwide IPv6 deployment percentages.</div>Rosolamhttp://wiki.cas.mcmaster.ca/index.php/The_practicality_of_IPv6The practicality of IPv62009-04-12T01:16:27Z<p>Rosolam: </p>
<hr />
<div>[http://www.cas.mcmaster.ca/wiki/index.php/The_Future_of_the_Internet:_IPv6 '''IPv6'''] is an Internet Layer protocol that was created to succeed the currently-used IPv4 (which will eventually need replacing). The official specification of IPv6 was released in December of 1998 <SUP>[ [[IPv6 Specification #References|1]] ]</SUP>, and after a decade it still has not become a fully-adopted Internet Protocol. While recent efforts have increased IPv6's overall internet-wide penetration <SUP>[ [[IPv6 at the Beijing Olympics #References|2]] ]</SUP>, IPv4 is still the dominant protocol by a vast margin. There are several issues concerning the feasibility of the overall adoption if IPv6, resulting in some doubting the very need for a completely new protocol. There is much more to the protocol than simply adding or replacing a certain piece of hardware or software, and this has lead to the situation where potential future adopters are reluctant to use the protocol, unable to see how IPv6's advantages offset its high costs; this is especially relevant for potential adopters who do not see themselves requiring more IP addresses than they already have.<br />
<BR><BR>How to reference: <SUP>[ [[Name of Section #References|1]] ]</SUP><BR><br />
<br />
== IPv4 Address Exhaustion ==<br />
The concept of IPv4 address exhaustion is quite simple: eventually, the internet will run out of unallocated IPv4 addresses. While the exact day for IPv4 exhaustion has not been globally established, most reports indicate that it will happen in the year 2011. The Asia-Pacific Network Information Centre believes the date of IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority) address exhaustion to be June 16th 2001<SUP>[ [[Exhaustion Date #References|3]] ]</SUP> while the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) believes this date will land in early 2011 <SUP>[ [[Waiting for the Internet Meltdown|4]] ]</SUP>. <br><br><br />
There are several other factors contributing to the exhausting. The most significant one is also the most recent; internet-ready cellular phones can also play a significant role, especially considering the fact that these devices are common. Ununsed IPv4 addresses are also becoming more difficult to reclaim due to the advent of broadband internet; an internet method that, unlike dialup, is typically always on. Also, the potential for inefficient address use during IPv4's early days may also have caused exhaustion to occur sooner.<br />
<br />
== Adoption Rates ==<br />
<br />
=== Worldwide Breakdown ===<br />
<br />
=== Struggles with Adoption ===<br />
<br />
== Usage Statistics ==<br />
<br />
== Internet Readiness ==<br />
Talk about 6bone, Beijing, US Gov't, etc<br />
<br />
== Scrutiny and Criticism of the Protocol ==<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
# Deering, S. and Hinden, R. RFC 2460, Internet Protocol, Version 6 (IPv6). The Internet Society, 1998.<br />
# Das, Kaushik. IPv6 and the 2008 Beijing Olympics. http://www.ipv6.com/articles/general/IPv6-Olympics-2008.htm<br />
# Huston, Geoff. IPv4 Address Report. http://www.potaroo.net/tools/ipv4/index.html<br />
# Harris, Mark. Waiting for the Internet Meltdown. The Sunday Times, July 6, 2008. http://technology.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/tech_and_web/the_web/article4271879.ece<br />
#<br />
<br />
<br />
== External Links ==<br />
(External Links)<BR><br />
* [http://inetcore.com/project/ipv4ec/index_en.html IPv4 Exhaustion Counter]<br />
<br />
== See Also ==<br />
(Internal Links)<BR><br />
[[The Future of the Internet: IPv6]]<BR></div>Rosolamhttp://wiki.cas.mcmaster.ca/index.php/The_practicality_of_IPv6The practicality of IPv62009-04-12T00:46:16Z<p>Rosolam: </p>
<hr />
<div>[http://www.cas.mcmaster.ca/wiki/index.php/The_Future_of_the_Internet:_IPv6 '''IPv6'''] is an Internet Layer protocol that was created to succeed the currently-used IPv4 (which will eventually need replacing). The official specification of IPv6 was released in December of 1998 <SUP>[ [[IPv6 Specification #References|1]] ]</SUP>, and after a decade it still has not become a fully-adopted Internet Protocol. While recent efforts have increased IPv6's overall internet-wide penetration <SUP>[ [[IPv6 at the Beijing Olympics #References|2]] ]</SUP>, IPv4 is still the dominant protocol by a vast margin. There are several issues concerning the feasibility of the overall adoption if IPv6, resulting in some doubting the very need for a completely new protocol. There is much more to the protocol than simply adding or replacing a certain piece of hardware or software, and this has lead to the situation where potential future adopters are reluctant to use the protocol, unable to see how IPv6's advantages offset its high costs; this is especially relevant for potential adopters who do not see themselves requiring more IP addresses than they already have.<br />
<BR>How to reference: <SUP>[ [[Name of Section #References|1]] ]</SUP><BR><br />
<br />
== IPv4 Address Exhaustion ==<br />
The concept of IPv4 address exhaustion is quite simple: eventually, the internet will run out of unallocated IPv4 addresses. While the exact day for IPv4 exhaustion has not been globally established, most reports indicate that it will happen in the year 2011. The Asia-Pacific Network Information Centre believes the date of IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority) address exhaustion to be June 16th 2001<SUP>[ [[Exhaustion Date #References|3]] ]</SUP> while the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) believes this date will land in early 2011 <SUP>[ [[Waiting for the Internet Meltdown|4]] ]</SUP><br />
<br />
== Adoption Rates ==<br />
<br />
=== Worldwide Breakdown ===<br />
<br />
=== Struggles with Adoption ===<br />
<br />
== Usage Statistics ==<br />
<br />
== Scrutiny and Criticism of the Protocol ==<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
# Deering, S. and Hinden, R. RFC 2460, Internet Protocol, Version 6 (IPv6). The Internet Society, 1998.<br />
# Das, Kaushik. IPv6 and the 2008 Beijing Olympics. http://www.ipv6.com/articles/general/IPv6-Olympics-2008.htm<br />
# Huston, Geoff. IPv4 Address Report. http://www.potaroo.net/tools/ipv4/index.html<br />
# Harris, Mark. Waiting for the Internet Meltdown. The Sunday Times, July 6, 2008. http://technology.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/tech_and_web/the_web/article4271879.ece<br />
#<br />
<br />
<br />
== External Links ==<br />
(External Links)<BR><br />
* [http://inetcore.com/project/ipv4ec/index_en.html IPv4 Exhaustion Counter]<br />
<br />
== See Also ==<br />
(Internal Links)<BR><br />
[[The Future of the Internet: IPv6]]<BR></div>Rosolamhttp://wiki.cas.mcmaster.ca/index.php/The_practicality_of_IPv6The practicality of IPv62009-04-11T23:52:21Z<p>Rosolam: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''IPv6''' is an Internet Layer protocol that is meant to succeed the currently-used IPv4. <br />
<br />
== IPv4 Address Exhaustion ==<br />
How to reference: <SUP>[ [[Name of Section #References|1]] ]</SUP><br />
== Adoption Rates ==<br />
<br />
=== Worldwide Breakdown ===<br />
<br />
=== Struggles with Adoption ===<br />
<br />
== Scrutiny and Criticism of the Protocol ==<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
# Look, here!<br />
# <br />
# <br />
<br />
<br />
== External Links ==<br />
(External Links)<br />
<br />
== See Also ==<br />
(Internal Links)</div>Rosolamhttp://wiki.cas.mcmaster.ca/index.php/The_practicality_of_IPv6The practicality of IPv62009-04-11T23:44:20Z<p>Rosolam: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''IPv6''' is an Internet Layer protocol that is meant to succeed the currently-used IPv4. <br />
<br />
== IPv4 Address Exhaustion ==<br />
<br />
== Adoption Rates ==<br />
<br />
== Struggles with Adoption ==<br />
<br />
== Scrutiny and Criticism of the Protocol ==<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<br />
== External Links ==<br />
<br />
== See Also ==</div>Rosolamhttp://wiki.cas.mcmaster.ca/index.php/The_practicality_of_IPv6The practicality of IPv62009-04-11T22:54:00Z<p>Rosolam: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''IPv6''' is an Internet Layer protocol that is meant to be the successor of the current protocol, IPv4.</div>Rosolamhttp://wiki.cas.mcmaster.ca/index.php/The_practicality_of_IPv6The practicality of IPv62009-03-31T20:58:31Z<p>Rosolam: New page: Placeholder text.</p>
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<div>Placeholder text.</div>Rosolamhttp://wiki.cas.mcmaster.ca/index.php/File:Wrong33.jpgFile:Wrong33.jpg2009-03-31T18:10:01Z<p>Rosolam: A useless picture.</p>
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<div>A useless picture.</div>Rosolamhttp://wiki.cas.mcmaster.ca/index.php/File:Code.jpgFile:Code.jpg2007-12-10T01:23:44Z<p>Rosolam: This is a look at the code that can enable and disable AutoCompete.</p>
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<div>This is a look at the code that can enable and disable AutoCompete.</div>Rosolamhttp://wiki.cas.mcmaster.ca/index.php/AutocompleteAutocomplete2007-12-10T01:23:16Z<p>Rosolam: </p>
<hr />
<div>AutoComplete is a feature that is integrated into the shells of many programs, such as text editors, word processors, software development programs, and (most commonly) web browsers. It involves predicting user input by offering them a list of potential inputs. Such potential inputs can include lines of code, dictionary words, and (the focus of this article) usernames.<br />
<br />
AutoComplete has a further feature that allows an application (most often web browsers) to save a password corresponding to a username. In the case of Windows Internet Explorer, when a user inputs a username and a password to a website upon their first visit, the program asks the user if they would like AutoComplete to save their password. If the user agrees, AutoComplete will save the username and password of the user to the Windows registry encrypted with the URL of the website. The next time the user begins to type their password into the username field, the browser will predict the input as a username (or other usernames that were input that have the same beginning letters). An option box will appear under the input field with all potential predictions, and the user can select their username. When the user does this, the password is automatically filled out (the form is ''auto''matically ''complete''d, hence the name). This speeds up monotonous tasks such as username/password input. In other AutoComplete applications, other input is sped up by automatically typing things that a user is sure to type: for example a software development program working with C++ might automatically add a } to the code every time a user types a {, or a word processor might automatically offer up the word ''December'' every time a user types ''Dec''. This is not to be confused with AutoReplace, most used in word processes to correct spelling (i.e. always replacing 'adn' with 'and').[6]<br />
<br />
<br />
The saving of usernames and passwords has inherent security risks. For example, any person who uses someones computer potentially has access to any and all usernames and passwords saved by AutoComplete on that machine (especially considering that double-clicking an empty field brings up all previously input text). However, web browsers such as Mozilla FireFox have built in master passwords. Upon the opening of a browser window, the program will ask the user for their master password. If input correctly, AutoComplete functions fully, allowing access to all previously saved usernames and passwords. If the password is incorrect, none of these are accessable.[3]<br />
<br />
<br />
The fact that usernames and passwords are saved at all is perhaps unnerving to some. While encrypted, the location of the data is known (in the case of Internet Explorer, HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Internet Explorer\IntelliForms\Storage2) and since the data is typically encrypted using the URL of the website, it is possible to decrypt without much trouble. Programs such as IEView can show the usernames, passwords, and URLs of all saved AutoCompleted websites[4]. If a hacker could remotely run this program on a machine, all information is available. An adept hacker may be able to accomplish the same thing without such a program (please refer to Figure 1 for look at how the program works). Granted, if a user clears internet history often and the URLs are not saved, the usernames and passwords are not readable (until the website is visited again). There are many programs that encrypt and obfuscate usernames and passwords so attackers cannot procure them. The freeware program RoboForm is such a program[2]; it can encrypt passwords safely and automatically input them, or it can generate random passwords that hackers cannot guess and input them in forms automatically so the user does not have to deal with them[7].<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Figure 1:'''<br />
<br />
[[Image:IEView.jpg]]<br />
<br />
<br />
Let it be known that AutoComplete is something that is directly integrated into a website; that is, the author can directly choose whether or not AutoComplete is available on their site. They can choose to save both the username and password, just one of them, or neither. Many extra-sensitive sites such as banks choose not to allow AutoComplete (please see figure 2). However, browsers such as Opera 7.0 circumvent the AutoComplete code entirely and save all usernames and passwords in their own way. If a user is concerned about this, the browser should be avoided. It is called a "wand" feature and it does not use "autocomplete = off".[1]<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Figure 2:'''<br />
<br />
[[Image:Code.jpg]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'''References:'''<br />
<br />
[1] [http://wssg.berkeley.edu/SecurityInfrastructure/reports/AutoComplete/index.html Browser AutoComplete and Authentication Security]<br />
<br />
[2] [http://www.ecommerce-blog.org/archives/internet-explorer-auto-complete-stores-your-passwords-unencrypted/ Internet Explorer (Auto Complete) stores your passwords unencrypted!]<br />
<br />
[3] [http://useopensource.blogspot.com/2007/02/store-passwords-securely-in-firefox.html Store passwords securely in Firefox]<br />
<br />
[4] [http://www.nirsoft.net/utils/internet_explorer_password.html IE PassView v1.06]<br />
<br />
[5] [http://www.microsoft.com/technet/security/guidance/serversecurity/tcg/tcgch07n.mspx Threats and Countermeasures]<br />
<br />
[6] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autocomplete Autocomplete Wikipedia Entry]<br />
<br />
[7] [http://www.roboform.com RoboForm]</div>Rosolamhttp://wiki.cas.mcmaster.ca/index.php/AutocompleteAutocomplete2007-12-10T01:17:38Z<p>Rosolam: </p>
<hr />
<div>AutoComplete is a feature that is integrated into the shells of many programs, such as text editors, word processors, software development programs, and (most commonly) web browsers. It involves predicting user input by offering them a list of potential inputs. Such potential inputs can include lines of code, dictionary words, and (the focus of this article) usernames.<br />
<br />
AutoComplete has a further feature that allows an application (most often web browsers) to save a password corresponding to a username. In the case of Windows Internet Explorer, when a user inputs a username and a password to a website upon their first visit, the program asks the user if they would like AutoComplete to save their password. If the user agrees, AutoComplete will save the username and password of the user to the Windows registry encrypted with the URL of the website. The next time the user begins to type their password into the username field, the browser will predict the input as a username (or other usernames that were input that have the same beginning letters). An option box will appear under the input field with all potential predictions, and the user can select their username. When the user does this, the password is automatically filled out (the form is ''auto''matically ''complete''d, hence the name). This speeds up monotonous tasks such as username/password input. In other AutoComplete applications, other input is sped up by automatically typing things that a user is sure to type: for example a software development program working with C++ might automatically add a } to the code every time a user types a {, or a word processor might automatically offer up the word ''December'' every time a user types ''Dec''. This is not to be confused with AutoReplace, most used in word processes to correct spelling (i.e. always replacing 'adn' with 'and').<br />
<br />
<br />
The saving of usernames and passwords has inherent security risks. For example, any person who uses someones computer potentially has access to any and all usernames and passwords saved by AutoComplete on that machine (especially considering that double-clicking an empty field brings up all previously input text). However, web browsers such as Mozilla FireFox have built in master passwords. Upon the opening of a browser window, the program will ask the user for their master password. If input correctly, AutoComplete functions fully, allowing access to all previously saved usernames and passwords. If the password is incorrect, none of these are accessable.<br />
<br />
<br />
The fact that usernames and passwords are saved at all is perhaps unnerving to some. While encrypted, the location of the data is known (in the case of Internet Explorer, HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Internet Explorer\IntelliForms\Storage2) and since the data is typically encrypted using the URL of the website, it is possible to decrypt without much trouble. Programs such as IEView can show the usernames, passwords, and URLs of all saved AutoCompleted websites. If a hacker could remotely run this program on a machine, all information is available. An adept hacker may be able to accomplish the same thing without such a program. Granted, if a user clears internet history often and the URLs are not saved, the usernames and passwords are not readable (until the website is visited again). There are many programs that encrypt and obfuscate usernames and passwords so attackers cannot procure them. More information will be available on this later.<br />
<br />
<br />
Figure 1:<br />
<br />
[[Image:IEView.jpg]]<br />
<br />
<br />
Let it be known that AutoComplete is something that is directly integrated into a website; that is, the author can directly choose whether or not AutoComplete is available on their site. They can choose to save both the username and password, just one of them, or neither. Many extra-sensitive sites such as banks choose not to allow AutoComplete. However, browsers such as Opera 7.0 circumvent the AutoComplete code entirely and save all usernames and passwords in their own way. If a user is concerned about this, the browser should be avoided. It is called a "wand" feature and it does not use "autocomplete = off".[1]<br />
<br />
'''References:'''<br />
<br />
[1] [http://wssg.berkeley.edu/SecurityInfrastructure/reports/AutoComplete/index.html Browser AutoComplete and Authentication Security]<br />
<br />
[2] [http://www.ecommerce-blog.org/archives/internet-explorer-auto-complete-stores-your-passwords-unencrypted/ Internet Explorer (Auto Complete) stores your passwords unencrypted!]<br />
<br />
[3] [http://useopensource.blogspot.com/2007/02/store-passwords-securely-in-firefox.html Store passwords securely in Firefox]<br />
<br />
[4] [http://www.nirsoft.net/utils/internet_explorer_password.html IE PassView v1.06]<br />
<br />
[5] [http://www.microsoft.com/technet/security/guidance/serversecurity/tcg/tcgch07n.mspx Threats and Countermeasures]<br />
<br />
[6] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autocomplete Autocomplete Wikipedia Entry]</div>Rosolamhttp://wiki.cas.mcmaster.ca/index.php/File:IEView.jpgFile:IEView.jpg2007-12-10T01:13:43Z<p>Rosolam: A look at how IEView reveals sensitive stored information.</p>
<hr />
<div>A look at how IEView reveals sensitive stored information.</div>Rosolamhttp://wiki.cas.mcmaster.ca/index.php/AutocompleteAutocomplete2007-12-10T00:49:07Z<p>Rosolam: </p>
<hr />
<div>AutoComplete is a feature that is integrated into the shells of many programs, such as text editors, word processors, software development programs, and (most commonly) web browsers. It involves predicting user input by offering them a list of potential inputs. Such potential inputs can include lines of code, dictionary words, and (the focus of this article) usernames.<br />
<br />
AutoComplete has a further feature that allows an application (most often web browsers) to save a password corresponding to a username. In the case of Windows Internet Explorer, when a user inputs a username and a password to a website upon their first visit, the program asks the user if they would like AutoComplete to save their password. If the user agrees, AutoComplete will save the username and password of the user to the Windows registry encrypted with the URL of the website. The next time the user begins to type their password into the username field, the browser will predict the input as a username (or other usernames that were input that have the same beginning letters). An option box will appear under the input field with all potential predictions, and the user can select their username. When the user does this, the password is automatically filled out (the form is ''auto''matically ''complete''d, hence the name). This speeds up monotonous tasks such as username/password input. In other AutoComplete applications, other input is sped up by automatically typing things that a user is sure to type: for example a software development program working with C++ might automatically add a } to the code every time a user types a {, or a word processor might automatically offer up the word ''December'' every time a user types ''Dec''. This is not to be confused with AutoReplace, most used in word processes to correct spelling (i.e. always replacing 'adn' with 'and').<br />
<br />
<br />
The saving of usernames and passwords has inherent security risks. For example, any person who uses someones computer potentially has access to any and all usernames and passwords saved by AutoComplete on that machine (especially considering that double-clicking an empty field brings up all previously input text). However, web browsers such as Mozilla FireFox have built in master passwords. Upon the opening of a browser window, the program will ask the user for their master password. If input correctly, AutoComplete functions fully, allowing access to all previously saved usernames and passwords. If the password is incorrect, none of these are accessable.<br />
<br />
<br />
The fact that usernames and passwords are saved at all is perhaps unnerving to some. While encrypted, the location of the data is known (in the case of Internet Explorer, HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Internet Explorer\IntelliForms\Storage2) and since the data is typically encrypted using the URL of the website, it is possible to decrypt without much trouble. Programs such as IEView can show the usernames, passwords, and URLs of all saved AutoCompleted websites. If a hacker could remotely run this program on a machine, all information is available. An adept hacker may be able to accomplish the same thing without such a program. Granted, if a user clears internet history often and the URLs are not saved, the usernames and passwords are not readable (until the website is visited again). There are many programs that encrypt and obfuscate usernames and passwords so attackers cannot procure them. More information will be available on this later.<br />
<br />
<br />
Let it be known that AutoComplete is something that is directly integrated into a website; that is, the author can directly choose whether or not AutoComplete is available on their site. They can choose to save both the username and password, just one of them, or neither. Many extra-sensitive sites such as banks choose not to allow AutoComplete. However, browsers such as Opera 7.0 circumvent the AutoComplete code entirely and save all usernames and passwords in their own way. If a user is concerned about this, the browser should be avoided. It is called a "wand" feature and it does not use "autocomplete = off".[1]<br />
<br />
'''References:'''<br />
<br />
[1] [http://wssg.berkeley.edu/SecurityInfrastructure/reports/AutoComplete/index.html Browser AutoComplete and Authentication Security]<br />
<br />
[2] [http://www.ecommerce-blog.org/archives/internet-explorer-auto-complete-stores-your-passwords-unencrypted/ Internet Explorer (Auto Complete) stores your passwords unencrypted!]<br />
<br />
[3] [http://useopensource.blogspot.com/2007/02/store-passwords-securely-in-firefox.html Store passwords securely in Firefox]<br />
<br />
[4] [http://www.nirsoft.net/utils/internet_explorer_password.html IE PassView v1.06]<br />
<br />
[5] [http://www.microsoft.com/technet/security/guidance/serversecurity/tcg/tcgch07n.mspx Threats and Countermeasures]<br />
<br />
[6] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autocomplete Autocomplete Wikipedia Entry]</div>Rosolamhttp://wiki.cas.mcmaster.ca/index.php/AutocompleteAutocomplete2007-12-03T04:01:17Z<p>Rosolam: This page outlines the usage of AutoComplete, some if its weaknesses, and some potential remedies.</p>
<hr />
<div>AutoComplete is a feature that is integrated into the shells of many programs, such as text editors, word processors, software development programs, and (most commonly) web browsers. It involves predicting user input by offering them a list of potential inputs. Such potential inputs can include lines of code, dictionary words, and (the focus of this article) usernames.<br />
<br />
AutoComplete has a further feature that allows an application (most often web browsers) to save a password corresponding to a username. In the case of Windows Internet Explorer, when a user inputs a username and a password to a website upon their first visit, the program asks the user if they would like AutoComplete to save their password. If the user agrees, AutoComplete will save the username and password of the user to the Windows registry encrypted with the URL of the website. The next time the user begins to type their password into the username field, the browser will predict the input as a username (or other usernames that were input that have the same beginning letters). An option box will appear under the input field with all potential predictions, and the user can select their username. When the user does this, the password is automatically filled out (the form is ''auto''matically ''complete''d, hence the name). This speeds up monotonous tasks such as username/password input. In other AutoComplete applications, other input is sped up by automatically typing things that a user is sure to type: for example a software development program working with C++ might automatically add a } to the code every time a user types a {, or a word processor might automatically offer up the word ''December'' every time a user types ''Dec''. This is not to be confused with AutoReplace, most used in word processes to correct spelling (i.e. always replacing 'adn' with 'and').<br />
<br />
<br />
The saving of usernames and passwords has inherent security risks. For example, any person who uses someones computer potentially has access to any and all usernames and passwords saved by AutoComplete on that machine (especially considering that double-clicking an empty field brings up all previously input text). However, web browsers such as Mozilla FireFox have built in master passwords. Upon the opening of a browser window, the program will ask the user for their master password. If input correctly, AutoComplete functions fully, allowing access to all previously saved usernames and passwords. If the password is incorrect, none of these are accessable.<br />
<br />
<br />
The fact that usernames and passwords are saved at all is perhaps unnerving to some. While encrypted, the location of the data is known (in the case of Internet Explorer, *insert link here*) and since the data is typically encrypted using the URL of the website, it is possible to decrypt without much trouble. Programs such as IEView can show the usernames, passwords, and URLs of all saved AutoCompleted websites. If a hacker could remotely run this program on a machine, all information is available. An adept hacker may be able to accomplish the same thing without such a program. Granted, if a user clears internet history often and the URLs are not saved, the usernames and passwords are not readable (until the website is visited again). There are many programs that encrypt and obfuscate usernames and passwords so attackers cannot procure them. More information will be available on this later.<br />
<br />
<br />
Let it be known that AutoComplete is something that is directly integrated into a website; that is, the author can directly choose whether or not AutoComplete is available on their site. They can choose to save both the username and password, just one of them, or neither. Many extra-sensitive sites such as banks choose not to allow AutoComplete. However, browsers such as Opera 7.0 circumvent the AutoComplete code entirely and save all usernames and passwords in their own way. If a user is concerned about this, the browser should be avoided. More information will be available on this later.</div>Rosolamhttp://wiki.cas.mcmaster.ca/index.php/AutocompleteAutocomplete2007-12-03T03:57:24Z<p>Rosolam: New page: AutoComplete is a feature that is integrated into the shells of many programs, such as text editors, word processors, software development programs, and (most commonly) web browsers. It...</p>
<hr />
<div> AutoComplete is a feature that is integrated into the shells of many programs, such as text editors, word processors, software development programs, and (most commonly) web browsers. It involves predicting user input by offering them a list of potential inputs. Such potential inputs can include lines of code, dictionary words, and (the focus of this article) usernames.<br />
<br />
AutoComplete has a further feature that allows an application (most often web browsers) to save a password corresponding to a username. In the case of Windows Internet Explorer, when a user inputs a username and a password to a website upon their first visit, the program asks the user if they would like AutoComplete to save their password. If the user agrees, AutoComplete will save the username and password of the user to the Windows registry encrypted with the URL of the website. The next time the user begins to type their password into the username field, the browser will predict the input as a username (or other usernames that were input that have the same beginning letters). An option box will appear under the input field with all potential predictions, and the user can select their username. When the user does this, the password is automatically filled out (the form is ''auto''matically ''complete''d, hence the name). This speeds up monotonous tasks such as username/password input. In other AutoComplete applications, other input is sped up by automatically typing things that a user is sure to type: for example a software development program working with C++ might automatically add a } to the code every time a user types a {, or a word processor might automatically offer up the word ''December'' every time a user types ''Dec''.<br />
<br />
The saving of usernames and passwords has inherent security risks. For example, any person who uses someones computer potentially has access to any and all usernames and passwords saved by AutoComplete on that machine (especially considering that double-clicking an empty field brings up all previously input text). However, web browsers such as Mozilla FireFox have built in master passwords. Upon the opening of a browser window, the program will ask the user for their master password. If input correctly, AutoComplete functions fully, allowing access to all previously saved usernames and passwords. If the password is incorrect, none of these are accessable.<br />
<br />
The fact that usernames and passwords are saved at all is perhaps unnerving to some. While encrypted, the location of the data is known (in the case of Internet Explorer, *insert link here*) and since the data is typically encrypted using the URL of the website, it is possible to decrypt without much trouble. Programs such as IEView can show the usernames, passwords, and URLs of all saved AutoCompleted websites. If a hacker could remotely run this program on a machine, all information is available. An adept hacker may be able to accomplish the same thing without such a program. Granted, if a user clears internet history often and the URLs are not saved, the usernames and passwords are not readable (until the website is visited again). There are many programs that encrypt and obfuscate usernames and passwords so attackers cannot procure them. More information will be available on this later.<br />
<br />
Let it be known that AutoComplete is something that is directly integrated into a website; that is, the author can directly choose whether or not AutoComplete is available on their site. They can choose to save both the username and password, just one of them, or neither. Many extra-sensitive sites such as banks choose not to allow AutoComplete. However, browsers such as Opera 7.0 circumvent the AutoComplete code entirely and save all usernames and passwords in their own way. If a user is concerned about this, the browser should be avoided. More information will be available on this later.</div>Rosolam