http://wiki.cas.mcmaster.ca/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=The_Five-Layer_TCP%2FIP_Model%3A_Description%2FAttacks%2FDefenseThe Five-Layer TCP/IP Model: Description/Attacks/Defense - Revision history2026-04-07T16:32:46ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.15.1http://wiki.cas.mcmaster.ca/index.php?title=The_Five-Layer_TCP/IP_Model:_Description/Attacks/Defense&diff=1478&oldid=prevKhalats: The five-layer TCP/IP model: description/attacks/defense moved to The Five-Layer TCP/IP Model: Description/Attacks/Defense2008-03-23T02:18:24Z<p><a href="/index.php/The_five-layer_TCP/IP_model:_description/attacks/defense" class="mw-redirect" title="The five-layer TCP/IP model: description/attacks/defense">The five-layer TCP/IP model: description/attacks/defense</a> moved to <a href="/index.php/The_Five-Layer_TCP/IP_Model:_Description/Attacks/Defense" title="The Five-Layer TCP/IP Model: Description/Attacks/Defense">The Five-Layer TCP/IP Model: Description/Attacks/Defense</a></p>
<table style="background-color: white; color:black;">
<col class='diff-marker' />
<col class='diff-content' />
<col class='diff-marker' />
<col class='diff-content' />
<tr valign='top'>
<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">Revision as of 02:18, 23 March 2008</td>
</tr>
<!-- diff generator: internal 2026-04-07 16:32:46 -->
</table>Khalatshttp://wiki.cas.mcmaster.ca/index.php?title=The_Five-Layer_TCP/IP_Model:_Description/Attacks/Defense&diff=1477&oldid=prevKhalats at 02:17, 23 March 20082008-03-23T02:17:36Z<p></p>
<table style="background-color: white; color:black;">
<col class='diff-marker' />
<col class='diff-content' />
<col class='diff-marker' />
<col class='diff-content' />
<tr valign='top'>
<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">Revision as of 02:17, 23 March 2008</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 35:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 35:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>'''Transport layer'''</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>'''Transport layer'''</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>'''Description:'''</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>'''Description:'''</div></td></tr>
<!-- diff generator: internal 2026-04-07 16:32:46 -->
</table>Khalatshttp://wiki.cas.mcmaster.ca/index.php?title=The_Five-Layer_TCP/IP_Model:_Description/Attacks/Defense&diff=1476&oldid=prevKhalats at 02:16, 23 March 20082008-03-23T02:16:40Z<p></p>
<table style="background-color: white; color:black;">
<col class='diff-marker' />
<col class='diff-content' />
<col class='diff-marker' />
<col class='diff-content' />
<tr valign='top'>
<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">Revision as of 02:16, 23 March 2008</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 65:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 65:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>'''Network layer'''</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>'''Network layer'''</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>'''Description:'''</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>'''Description:''' Network layer solves the problem of getting packets across a single network. Examples of such protocols are X.25, and the ARPANET's Host/IMP Protocol.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Network layer solves the problem of getting packets across a single network. Examples of such protocols are X.25, and the ARPANET's Host/IMP Protocol.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>With the advent of the concept of internetworking, additional functionality was added to this layer, namely getting data from the source network to the destination network. This generally involves routing the packet across a network of networks, known as an internetwork or (lower-case) internet.[7]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>With the advent of the concept of internetworking, additional functionality was added to this layer, namely getting data from the source network to the destination network. This generally involves routing the packet across a network of networks, known as an internetwork or (lower-case) internet.[7]</div></td></tr>
<!-- diff generator: internal 2026-04-07 16:32:46 -->
</table>Khalats
-
We will discuss the he five-layer TCP/IP model: description/attacks/defense
+
'''Application layer'''
-
[[Application layer]]
+
'''Description:''' The application layer is used by most programs for network communication. Data is passed from the program in an application-specific format, then encapsulated into a transport layer protocol.
-
[[Transport layer]]
+
Since the IP stack has no layers between the application and transport layers, the application layer must include any protocols that act like the OSI's presentation and session layer protocols. This is usually done through libraries.
-
[[Network layer]]
+
Data sent over the network is passed into the application layer where it is encapsulated into the application layer protocol. From there, the data is passed down into the lower layer protocol of the transport layer.
-
[[Data link layer]]
+
The two most common end-to-end protocols are TCP and UDP. Common servers have specific ports assigned to them (HTTP has port 80; Telnet has port 23; etc.) while clients use ephemeral ports. Some protocols, such as File Transfer Protocol and Telnet may set up a session using a well-known port, but then redirect the actual user session to ephemeral ports.