Global Systems for Mobile Communications (GSM) - Revision history

Mankarn at 14:25, 13 April 2009

2009-04-13T14:25:34Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:25, 13 April 2009
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	='''See Also'''=		='''See Also'''=
-	*[[3G ~~Communications~~]]	+	*[[3G Communication]]
	*[[High-Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA)]]		*[[High-Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA)]]
	*[[Security in Smartphones]]		*[[Security in Smartphones]]

Mankarn at 02:26, 13 April 2009

2009-04-13T02:26:26Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:26, 13 April 2009
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	*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GSM_frequency_ranges GSM frequency ranges]		*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GSM_frequency_ranges GSM frequency ranges]
	*[http://www.gsmworld.com/roaming/gsminfo/index.shtml GSM Coverage Maps]		*[http://www.gsmworld.com/roaming/gsminfo/index.shtml GSM Coverage Maps]
		+	--[[User:Mankarn\|Mankarn]] 22:26, 12 April 2009 (EDT)

Mankarn: /* '''References''' */

2009-04-13T02:25:34Z

'''References'''

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:25, 13 April 2009
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	='''References'''=		='''References'''=
-		+	*Margrave, David. "GSM Security and Encryption", George Manson University
		+	*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_System_for_Mobile_Communications GSM on Wikipedia]
		+	*[http://www.ldpost.com/telecom-articles/History-of-GSM-and-More.html The History of GSM Technology]
		+	*[http://www.gsmworld.com GSM World Home]

	='''See Also'''=		='''See Also'''=

Mankarn: /* GSM Frequencies */

2009-04-13T02:09:31Z

GSM Frequencies

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:09, 13 April 2009
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	==GSM Frequencies==		==GSM Frequencies==

-	GSM networks operate in two main frequency ranges, namely GSM frequency range for [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2G 2G], and UTMS frequency bands for [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3G 3G] . 2G GSM in most countries operates in at frequency rate of 900 MHZ or 1800 MHz. However, some networks in the United States and Canada operate at the 850MHz or 1900 Mhz bands since the 900Mhz and 1800MHz may already be used. 3G GSM networks in Europe typically operate in the 2100 MHz frequency band, and 1900 MHz in North America.	+	GSM networks operate in two main frequency ranges, namely GSM frequency range for [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2G 2G], and UTMS frequency bands for [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3G 3G]. 2G GSM in most countries operates in at frequency rate of 900 MHZ or 1800 MHz. However, some networks in the United States and Canada operate at the 850MHz or 1900 Mhz bands since the 900Mhz and 1800MHz may already be used. 3G GSM networks in Europe typically operate in the 2100 MHz frequency band, and 1900 MHz in North America.

	='''GSM Security'''=		='''GSM Security'''=

Mankarn: /* GSM Frequencies */

2009-04-13T02:09:04Z

GSM Frequencies

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:09, 13 April 2009
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	==GSM Frequencies==		==GSM Frequencies==

-	GSM networks operate in two main frequency ranges, namely GSM frequency range for [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2G 2G], and UTMS frequency bands for 3G. 2G GSM in most countries operates in at frequency rate of 900 MHZ or 1800 MHz. However, some networks in the United States and Canada operate at the 850MHz or 1900 Mhz bands since the 900Mhz and 1800MHz may already be used. ~~[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/~~3G ~~3G]~~ GSM networks in Europe typically operate in the 2100 MHz frequency band, and 1900 MHz in North America.	+	GSM networks operate in two main frequency ranges, namely GSM frequency range for [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2G 2G], and UTMS frequency bands for [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3G 3G] . 2G GSM in most countries operates in at frequency rate of 900 MHZ or 1800 MHz. However, some networks in the United States and Canada operate at the 850MHz or 1900 Mhz bands since the 900Mhz and 1800MHz may already be used. 3G GSM networks in Europe typically operate in the 2100 MHz frequency band, and 1900 MHz in North America.

	='''GSM Security'''=		='''GSM Security'''=

Mankarn: /* '''GSM Security''' */

2009-04-13T02:08:35Z

'''GSM Security'''

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	Three different elements make up the security mechanism of GSM: the SIM card, the GSM handset or Mobile Station (MS), and the actual GSM network. The SIM card contains the IMSI and the subscriber authentication Key (K), an authentication algorithm (A3), a ciphering key generating algorithm (A8) and a Personal Identification Number (PIN). Another algorithm (A5) is located in the actual GSM handset. In addition, the three encryption algorithms (A3, A5, A8) are also located in the GSM network.		Three different elements make up the security mechanism of GSM: the SIM card, the GSM handset or Mobile Station (MS), and the actual GSM network. The SIM card contains the IMSI and the subscriber authentication Key (K), an authentication algorithm (A3), a ciphering key generating algorithm (A8) and a Personal Identification Number (PIN). Another algorithm (A5) is located in the actual GSM handset. In addition, the three encryption algorithms (A3, A5, A8) are also located in the GSM network.
-	Inside a part of the GSM network known as the the authentication center (AUC) a database consists of IMSI, the TMSI, and subscriber authentication key for each user.	+	Inside a part of the GSM network known as the the authentication center (AUC) a database consists of IMSI, the TMSI, and subscriber authentication key for each user.
-		+

	='''References'''=		='''References'''=

Mankarn: /* GSM Network */

2009-04-13T02:07:35Z

GSM Network

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	== GSM Network ==		== GSM Network ==

-	GSM is a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_network cellular network]. This means that phones connect to it by searching for something called a cell. In the GSM network there are five different types of cells that differ based on size. The ~~first type is known as the~~ macrocell~~, which~~ is implemented in such a way that base station antenna is installed above average roof top level. Furthermore, ~~Microcells~~ have their antenna installed at a height that is usually lower than then average roof top level. Thirdly, ~~Picocells~~ are small cells whose coverage is only a few dozen meters, and are mainly used for indoors. Fourthly, femtocells connect to a service provider network via a broadband internet connection and are typically used for residential or small business environments. Finally, umbrella cells are used to fill in the gaps of coverage between small cells.	+	GSM is a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_network cellular network]. This means that phones connect to it by searching for something called a cell. In the GSM network there are five different types of cells that differ based on size: macrocells, microcell, picocells, femtocells, and umbrella cells. The macrocell is implemented in such a way that the base station antenna is installed above average roof top level. Furthermore, microcells have their antenna installed at a height that is usually lower than then average roof top level. Thirdly, picocells are small cells whose coverage is only a few dozen meters, and are mainly used for indoors. Fourthly, femtocells connect to a service provider network via a broadband internet connection and are typically used for residential or small business environments. Finally, umbrella cells are used to fill in the gaps of coverage between small cells.
	Cell coverage varies depending on the antenna height, gain, and propagation conditions. Practically, the longest a cell can cover is 35 kilometers. Moreover, excellent indoor coverage can be achieved by using an indoor picocell base station. In addition, an indoor repeater with distributed indoor antennas can be fed through power splitters, and transmit signals from outdoor antennas through to the indoor distributed attenna system.		Cell coverage varies depending on the antenna height, gain, and propagation conditions. Practically, the longest a cell can cover is 35 kilometers. Moreover, excellent indoor coverage can be achieved by using an indoor picocell base station. In addition, an indoor repeater with distributed indoor antennas can be fed through power splitters, and transmit signals from outdoor antennas through to the indoor distributed attenna system.

Mankarn: /* GSM Network */

2009-04-13T02:04:40Z

GSM Network

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:04, 13 April 2009
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	== GSM Network ==		== GSM Network ==

-	GSM is a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_network cellular network]. This means that phones connect to it by searching for something called a cell. In the GSM network there are five different types of cells that differ based on size. The first type is known as the macrocell, which implemented in such a way that base station antenna is installed above average roof top level. Furthermore, Microcells have their antenna installed at a height that is usually lower than then average roof top level. Thirdly, Picocells are small cells whose coverage is only a few dozen meters, and are mainly used for indoors. Fourthly, femtocells connect to a service provider network via a broadband internet connection and are typically used for residential or small business environments. Finally, umbrella cells are used to fill in the gaps of coverage between small cells.	+	GSM is a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_network cellular network]. This means that phones connect to it by searching for something called a cell. In the GSM network there are five different types of cells that differ based on size. The first type is known as the macrocell, which is implemented in such a way that base station antenna is installed above average roof top level. Furthermore, Microcells have their antenna installed at a height that is usually lower than then average roof top level. Thirdly, Picocells are small cells whose coverage is only a few dozen meters, and are mainly used for indoors. Fourthly, femtocells connect to a service provider network via a broadband internet connection and are typically used for residential or small business environments. Finally, umbrella cells are used to fill in the gaps of coverage between small cells.
	Cell coverage varies depending on the antenna height, gain, and propagation conditions. Practically, the longest a cell can cover is 35 kilometers. Moreover, excellent indoor coverage can be achieved by using an indoor picocell base station. In addition, an indoor repeater with distributed indoor antennas can be fed through power splitters, and transmit signals from outdoor antennas through to the indoor distributed attenna system.		Cell coverage varies depending on the antenna height, gain, and propagation conditions. Practically, the longest a cell can cover is 35 kilometers. Moreover, excellent indoor coverage can be achieved by using an indoor picocell base station. In addition, an indoor repeater with distributed indoor antennas can be fed through power splitters, and transmit signals from outdoor antennas through to the indoor distributed attenna system.

Mankarn: /* GSM Network */

2009-04-13T02:04:06Z

GSM Network

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:04, 13 April 2009
Line 22:		Line 22:
	== GSM Network ==		== GSM Network ==

-	GSM is a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_network cellular network]. This means ~~the~~ phones connect to it by searching for something called a cell. In the GSM network there are five different types of cells that differ based on size. The first type is known as the macrocell, which implemented in such a way that base station antenna is installed above average roof top level. Furthermore, Microcells have their antenna installed at a height that is usually lower than then average roof top level. Thirdly, Picocells are small cells whose coverage is only a few dozen meters, and are mainly used for indoors. Fourthly, femtocells connect to a service provider network via a broadband internet connection and are typically used for residential or small business environments. Finally, umbrella cells are used to fill in the gaps of coverage between small cells.	+	GSM is a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_network cellular network]. This means that phones connect to it by searching for something called a cell. In the GSM network there are five different types of cells that differ based on size. The first type is known as the macrocell, which implemented in such a way that base station antenna is installed above average roof top level. Furthermore, Microcells have their antenna installed at a height that is usually lower than then average roof top level. Thirdly, Picocells are small cells whose coverage is only a few dozen meters, and are mainly used for indoors. Fourthly, femtocells connect to a service provider network via a broadband internet connection and are typically used for residential or small business environments. Finally, umbrella cells are used to fill in the gaps of coverage between small cells.
	Cell coverage varies depending on the antenna height, gain, and propagation conditions. Practically, the longest a cell can cover is 35 kilometers. Moreover, excellent indoor coverage can be achieved by using an indoor picocell base station. In addition, an indoor repeater with distributed indoor antennas can be fed through power splitters, and transmit signals from outdoor antennas through to the indoor distributed attenna system.		Cell coverage varies depending on the antenna height, gain, and propagation conditions. Practically, the longest a cell can cover is 35 kilometers. Moreover, excellent indoor coverage can be achieved by using an indoor picocell base station. In addition, an indoor repeater with distributed indoor antennas can be fed through power splitters, and transmit signals from outdoor antennas through to the indoor distributed attenna system.

Mankarn: /* '''History''' */

2009-04-13T02:03:33Z

'''History'''

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:03, 13 April 2009
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	= '''History''' =		= '''History''' =

-	In Europe, in was quickly realized the disadvantage of each European country operating on their exclusive network. This prevented cell phones from being carried over from country to country. Obviously this was seen as a problem with the frequent travel between countries in Europe. Consequently, the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Conference_of_Postal_and_Telecommunications_Administrations Conference of European Posts and Telegraphs] (CEPT) assembled ~~a research~~ a research group ~~call~~ Group Spécial Mobile (GSM). Later on the acronym GSM had been changed to Global Systems Mobile Communications.	+	In Europe, in was quickly realized the disadvantage of each European country operating on their exclusive network. This prevented cell phones from being carried over from country to country. Obviously this was seen as a problem with the frequent travel between countries in Europe. Consequently, the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Conference_of_Postal_and_Telecommunications_Administrations Conference of European Posts and Telegraphs] (CEPT) assembled a research group called Group Spécial Mobile (GSM). Later on the acronym GSM had been changed to Global Systems Mobile Communications.

	='''Technical Information'''=		='''Technical Information'''=